The development and validation of dried sample spots as a method specimen collection are urgently needed in developing countries for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Our aim was to test some crucial steps the use spots, i.e., viral recovery storage over time. Moreover, we investigated whether plasma blood (DPS DBS, respectively) give comparable load (VL) results. Four manual RNA extraction methods from commercial HIV type 1 (HIV-1) VL assays--a QIAamp minikit...

The genetic subtype was identified in gag and env of 219 HIV-1-positive samples collected different African countries, 44 from Senegal, 55 Cameroon, 82 Gabon, 38 Djibouti. In total, 20 (9.1%) had discordant subtypes between env, 6 (13.9%) 4 (7.2%) 1 (2.6%) Djibouti, 10 (12.1%) Gabon. Subtypes A G were predominantly involved the recombination events. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that an important number sequences form a distinct subcluster with AG-IBNG prototype strain (a complex A/G...

ABSTRACT The interferon-regulated 2-5A/RNase L pathway plays a major role in the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of these cytokines. Several viruses, however, have evolved strategies to escape activity pathway. In this context, we cloned cDNA coding for RNase inhibitor (RLI), protein that specifically inhibits whose regulated expression picornavirus-infected cells down regulates We show here RLI increases during course human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, which...

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency and progression over time of WHO-defined transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive HIV-1-infected patients in Cameroon. Design: We analyzed DRM data generated from 369 ART-naive individuals consecutively recruited between 1996 2007 urban rural areas Methods: genotyping was performed pol gene using plasma samples surveillance DRMs were identified 2009 WHO-DRM list. Results: observed Yaounde, capital...

Since the mid-2000s, immunochromatographic card test (ICT), a point-of-care for detecting Wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigens (CFAs), has been backbone mapping and monitoring lymphatic filariasis (LF) worldwide. Recently, there have instances in which CFA positivity associated with Loa loa microfilaremia. Here, we examined association, at both community individual levels, between L. using additional diagnostic tools (quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR], Og4C3...

The purpose of this study was to generate data on the relative prevalences HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Nigeria. A total 252 HIV-1-positive samples collected during an epidemiologic survey conducted April 1996 were genetically characterized by HMA (heteroduplex mobility assay) and/or sequencing. Samples Lagos, Calabar, Kano, and Maiduguri. Overall, predominant env (61.3%) G (37.5%). Subtype is more prevalent south (p < 0.001), about 70% Lagos whereas a quarter classified as subtype these...

A cross-sectional study, performed at a routine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS clinic in Cameroon that uses the World Health Organization public health approach, showed low rates of virological failure and drug resistance 12 24 months after initiation antiretroviral therapy. Importantly, study also recommendation for second-line treatment would be effective almost all patients with HIV mutations.

A total of 343 HIV-1-positive samples obtained between June 1996 and March 1999 was genetically characterized in the envelope region by HMA and/or sequencing. The env subtype distribution as follows: 290 (84.6%) A, 22 (6.5%) B, 16 (4.7%) C, 8 (2.5%) D, 1 (0.03%) E, F1, 4 (1.2%) G, H. For 77 p24 from gag gene also sequenced, for 9 (11.6%) subtypes were different. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed predominance AG-IBNG-like viruses among sequences. is relatively simple requires less...

Severe adverse reactions have been observed in individuals with Loa loa infection treated either diethylcarbamazine (DEC), the drug of choice for loiasis, or ivermectin (IVM), which is used mass administration programs control onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis Africa. In this study, posttreatment clinical immunologic were compared following single-dose therapy DEC IVM to assess whether these same underlying pathophysiology. Twelve patients loiasis microfilarial counts <2000 mf/mL...

Phylogenetic analysis of numerous strains HIV-1 isolated from diverse geographic origins has revealed three distinct groups HIV-1: M, N, and O. Within group subtypes, sub-subtypes circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) exist. Recently, two near-full-length genomes similar complex mosaic viruses containing fragments subtypes A, G, I, J were described in patients Burkina Faso (BFP-90) Mali (95ML-84). Here, we report on the characterization additional full-length genome sequences with structure...

The study of the interactions among parasites within their hosts is crucial to understanding epidemiology disease and for design effective control strategies. We have conducted an assessment infections with Loa loa , Mansonella perstans Wuchereria bancrofti Plasmodium falciparum in eastern Cameroon using a highly sensitive specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay archived dried whole blood spots. resident population ( N = 1,085) was parasitized M. (76%), L. (39%), P. (33%), but...

A total of 110 HIV-1-positive samples obtained in 1997 (n = 44) and 2000 66) were genetically characterized the V3-V5 envelope region p24 gag region. The majority strains CRF02-AG (54.3%) or CRF06-cpx (18.1%) env gag. More than 9% recombinants between CRF02 CRF06; 9 CRF06 but gag, for one sample opposite was seen. Overall 23 (20.9%) samples, subtype designation different 20 these a CRF involved recombination event. No significant differences seen distributions 2000, except that proportion...

Abstract Background Exposure to paclitaxel and carboplatin has the risk of developing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), which could necessitate using less effective treatments avoid anaphylaxis. Desensitization platinum taxane HSRs can be used complete chemotherapy according standard regimen; therefore, this study investigated rates benefits successful desensitization in patients with gynecologic cancers (GC). Methods We collected data from 241 GC who had at least one cycle or chemotherapy....

In this sequence note we describe the full-length genome of an HIV-1 isolate originating from west African country Mali. The phylogenetic tree analysis near shows that 95ML84 strain forms a separate cluster, supported by 100% bootstrap values, with previously described A/G/J/? mosaic virus BFP90 Burkina Faso. Additional showed throughout lowest diversity was seen between and viruses, bootscan similar complex genomic structure. addition to initial report describing as recombinant, our data...

In this study, we characterized three full-length genome sequences with a similar mosaic structure from epidemiologically unlinked individuals Cameroon (97CM-MP818) and the Central African Republic (99CF-MP1298 99CF-MP1307). Phylogenetic recombinant analysis confirmed that strains had complex genome, which can designate now as CRF11-cpx. This new CRF was composed of successive fragments subtype A, G, J, CRF01-AE. The previously reported GR17 virus Greek patient infected in Democratic Congo...

Summary: The genetic subtype was identified in gag and env of 219 HIV-1-positive samples collected different African countries, 44 from Senegal, 55 Cameroon, 82 Gabon, 38 Djibouti. In total, 20 (9.1%) had discordant subtypes between env, 6 (13.9%) 4 (7.2%) 1 (2.6%) Djibouti, 10 (12.1%) Gabon. Subtypes A G were predominantly involved the recombination events. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that an important number sequences form a distinct subcluster with AG-IBNG prototype strain (a...

To evaluate the presence of drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive patients Dakar (Senegal), cross-sectional studies were conducted since circulation ARVs country. Protease and RT genes sequenced 96 baseline samples from included Senegalese Initiative for Antitretroviral Access treatment between 1998 2001 104 naive, recently diagnosed 2003, 2005, 2007. Phylogenetic analysis showed a predominance CRF02_AG [128/200 (64%)] high genetic diversity with 10 other variants 25 URFs....

In this study, HIV strains circulating among military personnel were characterized, in Malabo, the capital city of Equatorial Guinea. One sample was found to be HIV-2 group A while a high degree genetic diversity recorded pol region 41 HIV-1-positive samples. CRF02_AG accounted for 53.7% strains, and 11 different variants obtained remaining 19 samples: subtype G (n = 3), A3 2), C CRF26_A5U F2 1), CRF06 CRF09 CRF11 CRF22 divergent 1) F 1). strain could not classified three unique...

Abstract Main aim of this study is to assess the effect a structured, interdisciplinary, surgical, team-training protocol in robotic gynecologic surgery, with gradual integration an advanced nurse practitioner. Data from all surgical procedures were prospectively acquired. The team consisted one experienced surgeon and two fellows scrub three advance practitioners, specialized surgery. training was performed four-phase manner over 4 years included theoretical training, hands-on...

On the basis of partial env and gag subtyping, we documented that majority HIV-1 strains circulating in Niger were CRF02-AG (54.3%) or CRF06-cpx (18.1%) 9% samples possible recombinants between CRF02 CRF06. To determine more detail precise structure these viruses sequenced full-length genomes for three such (97NE-003, 00NE-036, 00NE-095). From bootscan phylogenetic tree analysis it is evident new are result recombination events strains. Importantly, each virus had a different complex...

<h3>Background</h3> Treatment options for advanced cervical cancer are limited and patients experiencing recurrence after first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy bevacizumab have a poor prognosis. A recent phase II study in has demonstrated disease control rate of 68.4% with the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab. By blocking checkpoints, immunotherapy puts system into state hyper-activation that can cause immune-related adverse events. We present clinical, pathological molecular data...

Large tumor suppressor (LATS) proteins are putative suppressors and poorly expressed associated with poor outcome in many cancers. A recent immunohistochemistry study showed that LATS protein expression correlated serous ovarian cancer.We analyzed various cancer transcriptomic data sets immunohistochemically assessed a Swiss cohort. Results were compared to clinicopathological characteristics outcome. We also cell lines their EMT status (Western blotting) drug sensitivity (MTT assay).The...