A5002055593- Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
- Semiconductor materials and devices
- Photonic and Optical Devices
- Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Renal and related cancers
- Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
- Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
- Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques
- Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies
- Semiconductor materials and interfaces
- Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
- Congenital heart defects research
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Copper Interconnects and Reliability
Babraham Institute
2025
University of Cambridge
2012-2024
Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute
2012-2022
Medical Research Council
2012-2022
University of New Mexico
2017
Kansas State University
2017
University of Minnesota
2017
Wellcome Sanger Institute
2017
Nokia (United States)
1990-2013
Pennsylvania State University
2013
Current human pluripotent stem cells lack the transcription factor circuitry that governs ground state of mouse embryonic (ESC). Here, we report short-term expression two components, NANOG and KLF2, is sufficient to ignite other elements network reset state. Inhibition ERK protein kinase C sustains a transgene-independent rewired Reset self-renew continuously without signaling, are phenotypically stable, karyotypically intact. They differentiate in vitro form teratomas vivo. Metabolism...
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from pluripotent early epiblast contribute functionally differentiated progeny to all foetal lineages of chimaeras. By contrast, epistem cell (EpiSC) lines post-implantation epithelialised are unable colonise the embryo even though they express core pluripotency genes Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. We examined interconversion between these two types. ES can readily become EpiSCs in response growth factor cues. do not change into cells. exploited PiggyBac...
SummaryTranscriptional heterogeneity within embryonic stem cell (ESC) populations has been suggested as a mechanism by which seemingly homogeneous population can initiate differentiation into an array of different types. Chromatin remodeling proteins have shown to control transcriptional variability in yeast and be important for mammalian ESC lineage commitment. Here we show that the Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylation (NuRD) complex, is required commitment, modulates both dynamic range set...
Pluripotent cells emerge as a naive founder population in the blastocyst, acquire capacity for germline and soma formation, then undergo lineage priming. Mouse embryonic stem (ESCs) epiblast-derived (EpiSCs) represent initial final primed phases of pluripotency, respectively. Here, we investigate intermediate formative stage. Using minimal exposure to specification cues, derive from mouse epiblast. Unlike ESCs or EpiSCs, (FS) respond directly germ cell induction. They colonize somatic...
We report measurements of the Casimir force between a gold sphere and silicon surface with an array nanoscale, rectangular corrugations using micromechanical torsional oscillator. At distances 150 500 nm, measured shows significant deviations from pairwise additive formulism, demonstrating strong dependence on shape interacting bodies. The observed deviation, however, is smaller than calculated values for perfectly conducting surfaces, possibly due to interplay finite conductivity geometry effects.
The transcription factor Oct4 is required in vitro for establishment and maintenance of embryonic stem cells reprogramming somatic to pluripotency. In vivo, it prevents the ectopic differentiation early embryos into trophoblast. Here, we further explore role blastocyst formation specification epiblast versus primitive endoderm lineages using conditional genetic deletion. Experiments involving mouse deficient both maternal zygotic suggest that dispensable zygote formation, cleavage activation...
Mouse and rat embryonic stem cells can be sustained in defined medium by dual inhibition (2i) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (Erk1/2) cascade glycogen synthase 3. The inhibitors suppress differentiation enable self-renewal pluripotent that are ex vivo counterparts naïve epiblast mature blastocyst. Pluripotent cell lines also derived from unipotent primordial germ via a poorly understood process epigenetic reprogramming. These termed (EG) to denote their distinct origin. Here we...
The nuclear matrix protein Cip1-interacting zinc finger 1 (CIZ1) promotes DNA replication in association with cyclins and has been linked to adult pediatric cancers. Here we show that CIZ1 is highly enriched on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) mouse human female cells retained by interaction RNA-dependent matrix. recruited Xi response expression of inactive-specific transcript (Xist) RNA during earliest stages inactivation embryonic stem dependent C-terminal anchor domain E repeats Xist ....
Formulas, tables, and graphs are given for the probability distribution of instantaneous resultant amplitude sum a constant vector Rayleigh-distributed vector. It is emphasized that two distributions required to describe vector: its phase. A summary presented physical conditions which must be satisfied phenomenon exhibit statistical properties References made ways in these may used random variables occurring ionospheric, tropospheric, irregular terrain propagation problems. Finally,...
We demonstrate high resolution reduction imaging in the soft x-ray spectral region using multilayer-coated reflective optics. In particular, a Schwarzschild objective was used at 20:1 with 14 nm radiation to image line and space features from transmission mask onto resist-coated silicon wafer better than 0.1 μm. The mirrors of were coated Mo/Si multilayers provide nearly 40% reflectance near-normal incidence for radiation. Our results that multilayer coatings are capable enhancing optical...
The mouse limb deformity ( ld ) mutations cause malformations by disrupting epithelial–mesenchymal signaling between the polarizing region and apical ectodermal ridge. Formin was proposed as relevant gene because three of five alleles disrupt its C-terminal domain. In contrast, our studies establish that two other directly neighboring Gremlin gene, corroborating requirement this BMP antagonist for morphogenesis. Further doubts concerning an involvement in phenotype are cast, a targeted...
Haploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have recently been derived from parthenogenetic mouse embryos and offer new possibilities for genetic screens. The ability of haploid ESCs to give rise a wide range differentiated cell types in the embryo vitro has demonstrated. However, it remained unclear whether can contribute germline. Here, we show that at high passage robust germline competence enabling production transgenic strains genetically modified ESCs. We also differentiation correlates with...
A nanopore is an analytical tool with single molecule sensitivity. For detection, a relies on the electrical signal that develops when translocates through it. However, detection sensitivity can be adversely affected by noise and frequency response. Here, we report measurements of performance nanopores ≤8 nm in diameter membranes compatible semiconductor processing. We find both high are compromised parasitic capacitances. From response extract parameters lumped element models motivated...
We measure the Casimir force between a gold sphere and silicon plate with nanoscale, rectangular corrugations depth comparable to separation surfaces. In proximity approximation (PFA), both top bottom surfaces of contribute force, leading distance dependence that is distinct from flat surface. The measured found deviate PFA by up 15%, in good agreement calculations based on scattering theory includes geometry effects optical properties material.
Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to generate patient-specific tissues for disease modeling and regenerative medicine applications. However, before iPSC technology can progress translational phase, several obstacles must be overcome. These include uncertainty regarding ideal somatic cell type reprogramming, low kinetics efficiency of karyotype discrepancies between iPSCs their precursors. Here we describe use late-outgrowth endothelial progenitor (L-EPCs),...
Abstract Studies of mechanical signalling are typically performed by comparing cells cultured on soft and stiff hydrogel-based substrates. However, it is challenging to independently robustly control both substrate stiffness extracellular matrix tethering substrates, making a potentially confounding variable in investigations. Moreover, unstable can lead poor cell attachment weak engagement adhesions. To address this, we developed StemBond hydrogels, hydrogel which robust be varied...
Nlrp5 encodes a core component of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) cytoplasmic protein structure unique to mammalian oocyte and cleavage-stage embryo. NLRP5 mutations have been identified in patients presenting with early embryo arrest, recurrent molar pregnancies imprinting disorders. Correct patterning DNA methylation over imprinted domains during oogenesis is necessary for faithful genes. It was previously shown that oocytes mutation human SCMC gene KHDC3L had globally impaired...
We have fabricated and demonstrated a new device called the Vertical Replacement-Gate (VRG) MOSFET. This is first MOSFET ever built that combines (1) gate length controlled precisely through deposited film thickness, independently of lithography etch, (2) high-quality oxide grown on single-crystal Si channel. In addition to this unique combination, VRG-MOSFET includes self-aligned S/D formed by solid source diffusion (SSD) small parasitic overlap, junction, capacitances. The drive current...