A5085018906- Avian ecology and behavior
- Marine animal studies overview
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Marine and fisheries research
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Music and Audio Processing
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Human Pose and Action Recognition
- Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
Oxford Brookes University
2023-2024
University of Oxford
2014-2023
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
2023
Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
2022
Oxford Research Group
2016
Capcom (Japan)
2015
Aston University
2014
Cedar Rapids Public Library
2012
Zoological Society of London
2008-2010
Imperial College London
2008-2010
A key question in evolutionary genetics is whether shared genetic mechanisms underlie the independent evolution of similar phenotypes across phylogenetically divergent lineages. Here we show that two classic examples melanic plumage polymorphisms birds, lesser snow geese (Anser c. caerulescens) and arctic skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus), melanism perfectly associated with variation melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene. In both species, degree correlates number copies variant MC1R alleles....
Abstract: Local ecological knowledge can provide a unique source of data for conservation, especially in efforts to investigate the status rare or possibly extinct species, but it is unlikely remain constant over time. Loss perspective about past conditions caused by lack communication between generations may create “shifting baseline syndrome,” which younger are less aware local species diversity abundance recent past. This phenomenon has been widely discussed, rarely examined...
Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity. Antarctic ecosystems are no exception. Investigating past species responses climatic events can distinguish natural from anthropogenic impacts. produces 'winners', that benefit these and 'losers', decline or become extinct. Using molecular techniques, we assess the demographic history population structure of Pygoscelis penguins in Scotia Arc related climate warming after Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). All three pygoscelid responded...
Abstract Background Penguins (Sphenisciformes) are a remarkable order of flightless wing-propelled diving seabirds distributed widely across the southern hemisphere. They share volant common ancestor with Procellariiformes close to Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (66 million years ago) and subsequently lost ability fly but enhanced their capabilities. With ∼20 species among 6 genera, penguins range from tropical Galápagos Islands oceanic temperate forests New Zealand, rocky coastlines...
Abstract Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called development a “Green List Species” (now IUCN Green Status Species). A draft framework assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks viability, functionality, preimpact distribution) determine current status (herein...
Abstract Advances in artificial intelligence for computer vision hold great promise increasing the scales at which ecological systems can be studied. The distribution and behavior of individuals is central to ecology, using deep neural networks learn detect individual objects imagery. However, developing supervised models monitoring challenging because it requires large amounts human‐labeled training data, advanced technical expertise computational infrastructure, prone overfitting. This...
Despite concerted international effort to track and interpret shifts in the abundance distribution of Adélie penguins, large populations continue be identified. Here we report on a major hotspot penguin identified Danger Islands off northern tip Antarctic Peninsula (AP). We present first complete census Pygoscelis spp. penguins Islands, estimated from multi-modal survey consisting direct ground counts computer-automated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. Our reveals that host 751,527...
Abstract Using satellite imagery, drone and ground counts, we have assembled the first comprehensive global population assessment of Chinstrap penguins ( Pygoscelis antarctica ) at 3.42 (95th-percentile CI: [2.98, 4.00]) million breeding pairs across 375 extant colonies. Twenty-three previously known penguin colonies are found to be absent or extirpated. We identify five new colonies, 21 additional unreported likely missed by previous surveys. Limited imprecise historical data prohibit our...
Abstract 1. To be effective, the next generation of conservation practitioners and managers need to critical thinkers with a deep understanding how make evidence‐based decisions value evidence synthesis. 2. If, as educators, we do not these priorities core part what teach, are failing prepare our students an effective contribution practice. 3. help overcome this problem have created open access online teaching materials in multiple languages that stored Applied Ecology Resources. So far, 117...
Abstract Aim Marine habitats and their dynamics are difficult to systematically monitor, particularly those in remote locations. This is the case with sub‐Antarctic ecosystem of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera , which was already noted by Charles Darwin his accounts on Voyage Beagle recorded nautical charts made during that expedition. We combined these other from 19th early 20th centuries surveys conducted 1970s 1980s satellite detection algorithms 1984 2019, analyse distribution through...
Abstract Penguins lost the ability to fly more than 60 million years ago, subsequently evolving a hyper-specialized marine body plan. Within framework of genome-scale, fossil-inclusive phylogeny, we identify key geological events that shaped penguin diversification and genomic signatures consistent with widespread refugia/recolonization during major climate oscillations. We further suite genes potentially underpinning adaptations related thermoregulation, oxygenation, diving, vision, diet,...
Abstract Understanding the boundaries of breeding populations is great importance for conservation efforts and estimates extinction risk threatened species. However, determining these can be difficult when population structure subtle. Emperor penguins are highly reliant on sea ice, some may in jeopardy as climate change alters sea‐ice extent quality. An understanding emperor penguin therefore urgently needed. Two previous studies have differed their conclusions, particularly whether Ross...
ABSTRACT Myocardial oxygen consumption was measured using an in situ, perfused heart preparation at 10°C increased a linear fashion with power output when cardiac elevated (volume loading). The possible through improved O2 delivery , but reduced. mechanical efficiency of the improved. also pressure constant (pressure supported by removal from perfusate since constant. Once more, observed. decreased as reduced progressive hypoxia. Even so, maintained input 81 Torr. Five 11 hearts survived...
Geographical range contraction is a fundamental ecological characteristic of species population decline, but relatively little investigation has been conducted into general trends in the dynamic properties collapse. The Yangtze River dolphin or baiji ( Lipotes vexillifer ), probably first large mammal to have become extinct over 50 years, was believed experienced major collapse during its decline through progressive large-scale and fragmentation. This range-collapse model challenged by new...
In June 2008, the Cedar River crested flooding more than 5000 Rapids homes. Residents whose homes were flooded invited to participate in this study. Household assessments and resident interviews conducted between November 2008 April 2009. We characterized exposures symptoms experienced by individuals inhabiting 73 flood-damaged Active air sampling passive electrostatic dust collectors used assess culturable mold, bacteria, fungal spores, inhalable particulate matter (iPM), endotoxin,...
The emergence of islands has been linked to spectacular radiations diverse organisms. Although penguins spend much their lives at sea, they rely on land for nesting, and a high proportion extant species are endemic geologically young islands. Islands may thus have crucial the evolutionary diversification penguins. We test this hypothesis using fossil-calibrated phylogeny mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from all recently extinct penguin taxa. Our temporal analysis demonstrates that...
The mechanisms that determine patterns of species dispersal are important factors in the production and maintenance biodiversity. Understanding these helps to forecast responses environmental change. Here, we used a comparative framework genomewide data obtained through RAD-Seq compare connectivity among breeding colonies for five penguin with shared ancestry, overlapping distributions differing ecological niches, allowing an examination intrinsic extrinsic barriers governing patterns. Our...
Abstract Automated time-lapse cameras can facilitate reliable and consistent monitoring of wild animal populations. In this report, data from 73,802 images taken by 15 different Penguin Watch are presented, capturing the dynamics penguin (Spheniscidae; Pygoscelis spp. ) breeding colonies across Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands Georgia (03/2012 to 01/2014). Citizen science provides a means which large otherwise intractable photographic sets be processed, here we describe...
Significance We reveal species-specific changes in penguin trophic responses to historic shifts krill availability over the last century by applying new molecular isotope techniques museum specimens. Generalist foraging gentoo penguins, whose population increased 6-fold 40 y, showed adaptive position concert with Antarctic following exploitation of marine mammals and recent climate change. In contrast, chinstrap penguins maintained a consistent diet despite concurrent declines. These results...