The study reported in this paper establishes a conceptual framework and some key initial results the analysis of characteristics software quality. Its main conclusions are:• Explicit attention to quality can lead significant savings life-cycle costs.• current state-of-the-art imposes specific limitations on our ability automatically quantitatively evaluate software.• A definitive hierarchy well-defined, well-differentiated is developed. higher-level structure reflects actual uses which...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved serine/threonine with critical function in the regulation of metabolic pathways eukaryotic cells. Recently, AMPK has been shown to play an additional role as regulator inflammatory activity leukocytes. Treatment macrophages chemical activators, or forced expression constitutively active form AMPK, results polarization anti-inflammatory phenotype. In addition, we reported previously that stimulation cytokines such IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β rapid...

Abstract The PI3K pathway and its regulation of mammalian target rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) play pivotal roles in controlling inflammation. In this article, we show that mTORC1 GSK3-β converge the capacity to affect inflammatory response is due inactivation GSK3-β. Inhibition attenuated GSK3 phosphorylation increased activity. Immunoprecipitation vitro assays demonstrated associated with a downstream mTORC1, p85S6K, phosphorylated S6K1 abrogated while...

This paper presents a formulation of novel methodology for evaluation testing in support operational reliability assessment and prediction. The features an incremental the representativeness set development validation test cases together with definition additional to enhance those qualities. If are derived typical fashion (i.e., find remove bugs, investigate software performance under off-nominal conditions, exercise structural elements functional capabilities software, demonstrate...

We study transport of penetrants through nanoscale morphologies motivated by common block copolymer morphologies, using confined random walks and coarse-grained simulations. Diffusion randomly oriented grains is 1/3 for cylinder 2/3 lamellar versus an unconstrained (homopolymer) system, as previously understood. in the double gyroid structure depends on volume fraction 0.47-0.55 minority phase at 30-50 vol % 0.73-0.80 majority 50-70 %. Thus, among standard structures with no grain boundary...

Abstract The ability of IFN-β to induce IL-10 production from innate immune cells is important for its anti-inflammatory properties and believed contribute therapeutic value in treating multiple sclerosis patients. In this study, we identified that stimulates by activating the JAK1- PI3K-signaling pathways. JAK1 activity was required activate PI3K Akt1 resulted repression glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-β activity. IFN-β–mediated suppression GSK3-β promoted IL-10, because IFN-β–stimulated...

Abstract The role of JAK-3 in TLR-mediated innate immune responses is poorly understood, although the suppressive function JAK3 inhibition adaptive response has been well studied. In this study, we found that enhanced by differentially regulating pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokine production cells. Specifically, pharmacological inhibitors or specific small interfering RNA gene knockout resulted an increase proinflammatory cytokines while concurrently decreasing IL-10. Inhibition suppressed...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTγ Radiolysis of Poly(butene-1 sulfone) and Poly(hexane-1 sulfone)J. R. Brown J. H. O'DonnellCite this: Macromolecules 1972, 5, 2, 109–114Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60026a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60026a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE...

Tapered diblock copolymers are similar to AB copolymers, but the sharp junction between A and B blocks is replaced with a gradient region in which composition varies from mostly along its length. The side of taper can be attached block (normal) or (inverse). We demonstrate how length direction affect phase diagrams density profiles using self-consistent field theory. Adding tapers shifts order–disorder transition lower temperature versus diblock, this effect larger for longer inverse tapers....

We apply classical density functional theory to study how salt changes the microphase morphology of diblock copolymers. Polymers are freely jointed and one monomer type favorably interacts with ions, account for selective solvation that arises from different dielectric constants microphases. By including correlations liquid state an unbound reference fluid, can treat chain behavior, separation, ion correlations, preferential solvation, at same coarse-grained level. show good agreement...

This paper presents a formulation of novel methodology for evaluation testing in support operational reliability assessment and prediction. The features an incremental the representativeness set development validation test cases together with definition additional to enhance those qualities.

Tapered block polymers are an emerging class of macromolecules with unique and diverse self-assembly behavior properties. Herein, we directly examine the manipulation self-assembled interfaces in poly(isoprene-b-styrene) (I-S)-based (BPs) by synthesizing non-tapered (I-S), normal tapered (I-IS-S), inverse (I-SI-S) BPs controlled monomer segment distributions. We provide first direct measurements interfacial mixing for these through X-ray reflectivity (XRR). The density profiles from XRR...

Tapered diblock copolymers are AB modified by adding a gradient region between the blocks in which composition varies smoothly from one species to other. This gives additional control parameters, length of taper and its direction, microphase separation behavior. Using tapers can also increase accessibility bicontinuous gyroid phase, potentially interest transport applications. Recently, phase diagram these systems was predicted using self-consistent field theory (SCFT). In this study, we...

Salt-doped diblock copolymers with microphase-separated domains of both an ion conductive and a mechanically strong polymer have been extensively studied due to their potential in transport applications. Several unusual or counterintuitive trends regarding properties observed experimentally, such as increasing conduction function molecular weight. A crucial feature these systems is the solvation ions conducting microphase its higher dielectric constant. Here, we perform dynamics simulations...

Objective: To assess interruptions in chest compressions associated with advanced airway placement during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. Methods: The method used was observational analysis prospectively collected clinical and defibrillator data from 339 adult OHCA victims, excluding victims <5 minutes CPR. Interruptions CPR, summarized by compression fraction (CCF), longest pause, the number pauses greater than 10 seconds, were compared...

Classical, fluids density functional theory (fDFT), which can predict the equilibrium profiles of polymeric systems, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, are often used to show both structure soft materials, be implemented using very similar bead-based polymer models. We aim use fDFT MD in tandem examine same system from these two points view take advantage different features each methodology. Additionally, resulting calculations initialize simulations a close equilibrated...

Tapered diblock copolymers are similar to typical AB but have an added transition region between the two blocks which changes gradually in composition from pure A B. This tapered can be varied 0% (true diblock) 100% (gradient copolymer) of polymer length, and this allows some control over microphase separated domain spacing other material properties. We perform molecular dynamics simulations linearly block with tapers various lengths, initialized fluids density functional theory predictions....

Abstract In this study, our team developed a virtual reality (VR) integrated curriculum for freshmen engineering visuospatial thinking course. Visuospatial skills, especially understanding how 2D image represents 3D object, are known to be an important part of student success in engineering. To ensure minimum level skills later courses, the Ohio State University offers course on incoming freshmen; it is required students that score below 18/30 Purdue Spatial Visualization Test: Rotations...

Using theory and simulation, we study the microphase-separated structures of inverse tapered block copolymers. These are AB copolymers with a gradient region inserted between pure A B blocks that smoothly changes in composition from to A, side taper bonded block. Tapering is means increase miscibility polymer blocks, by controlling length taper, phase behavior domain spacing can be adjusted. In contrast better known ABAB tetrablock also have four alternating A-rich B-rich regions, here...

The formation of block copolymer micelles with and without hydrophobic nanoparticles is simulated using dissipative particle dynamics. We use the model developed by Spaeth et al. [ , J. R. Kevrekidis I. G. Panagiotopoulos A. Z. Chem. Phys. 2011 134 ( (16) ) 164902 ], drive micelle adjusting interaction parameters linearly over time to represent a rapid change from organic solvent water. For different concentrations added nanoparticles, we determine characteristic times for coagulation,...

Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in using Virtual Reality (VR) technology to benefit instruction, especially physics and related subjects. As VR devices improve become more widely available, there remains number unanswered questions regarding the impact on student learning how best use this classroom. On topic electrostatics, for example, large, controlled, randomized study performed by Smith et al. 2017\cite{smith17}, found that VR-based instruction had an overall negligible...

To show the influence of interface on structure and dynamics microphase separated polymer systems, we study interfacially modified AB block copolymers with small molecule penetrants. The polymers have a random midblock or tapered whose composition varies from pure A to B (or for an inverse taper) between two blocks B. We perform simple coarse-grained molecular simulations symmetric that form lamellae. With normal tapering, both penetrant diffusion parallel lamellae increases as taper length...