Passive stretching is commonly used to increase limb range of movement prior athletic performance but it unclear which component the muscle-tendon unit (MTU) affected by this procedure. Movement myotendinous junction (MTJ) gastrocnemius medialis muscle was measured ultrasonography in eight male participants (20.5 +/- 0.9 years) during a standard stretch ankle passively dorsiflexed at 1 deg s(-1) from 0 (the foot right angles tibia) participants' volitional end motion (ROM). torque, fascicle...

Sarcopenia and muscle weakness are well-known consequences of aging. The aim the present study was to ascertain whether a decrease in fascicle force (Ff) could be accounted for entirely by atrophy. In vivo physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) specific (Ff/PCSA) lateral head gastrocnemius (GL) were assessed group elderly men [EM, aged 73.8 yr (SD 3.5), height 173.4 cm 4.4), weight 78.4 kg 8.3); means (SD)] comparison young [YM, 25.3 176.4 7.7), 79.1 11.9)]. GL volume (Vol) Achilles...

Abstract Aim: To investigate whether sarcopenia was evenly distributed among the three components of triceps surae (TS) muscle group. Methods: Muscle volume (VOL), fibre fascicle length (Lf), pennation angle ( θ ) and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA = VOL/Lf) were measured in vivo for lateral (GL) medial (GM) heads gastrocnemius muscles soleus (SOL), 15 young males (YM, aged 25.3 ± 4.5 years) 12 elderly (EM 73.8 4.4 years). Results: In EM, VOL all significantly smaller than YM;...

To explore the cause of higher skeletal muscle fatigue resistance in women than men, we used electrically evoked contractions (1 s on, 1 off, 30 Hz, 2 min), which circumvent motivational bias and allow examination contractile properties. We compared 29 men [26.5 (7.0) years old; mean ( s.d .)] with 35 [25.4 (7.6) old]. Strength quadriceps was P < 0.001). The lower maximal rate relaxation = 0.002) indicates that their muscles were slower those men. torque declined less [37.7 (10.7) versus...

The impact of using different resistance training (RT) kinematics, which therefore alters RT mechanics, and their subsequent effect on adaptations remain largely unreported. aim this study was to identify the differences at a longer (LR) compared with shorter (SR) range motion (ROM) time course any changes during detraining. Recreationally active participants in LR (aged 19 ± 2.6 years; n = 8) SR 3.4 groups undertook 8 weeks 4 Muscle size, architecture, subcutaneous fat, strength were...

Background The aim was to determine the reliability and validity of IPAQ measured sedentary behaviour (SB) moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in older persons whilst examining any sex differences results. Method 89 participants (73.7 ± 6.3 years, 54% female) completed IPAQ. Participants were fitted with a thigh mounted triaxial accelerometer (GeneActiv Original) for seven consecutive days subsequently second Results showed weak qualities Total SB (h·week-1) 10 minute MVPA...

This study took a multi-analytical approach including group differences, correlations and unit-weighed directional z-score comparisons to identify the key mediators of bone health. A total 190 participants (18–80 years) were categorized by body fat%, mass index (BMI) fat (FMI) examine effect differing obesity criteria on characteristics. subset 50 healthy-eating middle-to-older aged adults (44–80 was randomly selected any added impact lifestyle inflammatory profiles. Diet assessed using...

Needham, RA, Morse, CI, and Degens, H. The acute effect of different warm-up protocols on anaerobic performance in elite youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 23(9): 2614-2620, 2009-The purpose the study was to investigate Twenty players (mean age 17.2 ± 1.2 years) performed 3 a random order nonconsecutive days. Each protocol consisted 5-minute low-intensity jog followed by 10 minutes static stretching (SS), dynamic (DS), or 8 front squats + 20% body mass (DSR). Subjects countermovement...

Although smoking-related diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are often accompanied by increased peripheral muscle fatigability, the extent to which this is a feature of or direct effect smoking per se not known. Skeletal function was investigated in terms maximal voluntary isometric torque, activation, contractile properties and using electrically evoked contractions quadriceps 40 smokers [19 men 21 women; mean (SD) cigarette pack years: 9.9 (10.7)] age- physical...

Abstract It is unknown whether loading of the lower limbs through additional storage fat mass as evident in obesity would promote muscular adaptations similar to those seen with resistance exercise. also unclear ageing modulates any such adjustments. This study aimed examine relationships between adiposity, and skeletal muscle size architecture. A total 100 untrained healthy women were categorised by age into young (Y) (mean ± SD : 26.7 9.4 years) vs. old (O) (65.1 7.2 body index ( BMI)...

To investigate whether there is a sex difference in exercise induced muscle damage.Vastus Lateralis and patella tendon properties were measured males females using ultrasonography. During maximal voluntary eccentric knee extensions (12 reps x 6 sets), Vastus fascicle lengthening torque recorded every 10° of joint angle (20-90°). Isometric torque, Creatine Kinase soreness pre, post, 48, 96 168 hours post damage as markers damage.Patella stiffness significantly higher compared to (p<0.05)....

The aim of this study was to assess whether the in vivo specific force and architectural characteristics lateral gastrocnemius (GL) muscle early pubescent boys (n = 11, age 10.9 +/- 0.3 yr, Tanner stage 2) differed from those adult men 12, 25.3 4.4 yr). Plantarflexor torque 55% lower (77.4 21.4 N x m) compared with adults (175.6 31.7 m, P < 0.01). Physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), determined using ultrasonography MRI, 52% smaller (P No difference found pennation angle, or ratio...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, elevated with increased fat mass and ageing, were associated muscle properties in young older people variable adiposity.Seventy-five (18-49 yrs) 67 (50-80 healthy, untrained men women (BMI: 17-49 kg/m2) performed isometric isokinetic plantar flexor maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs). Volume (Vm), fascicle pennation angle (FPA), physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) the gastrocnemius medialis...

Abstract Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and immune cells in arterial wall, leading to narrowing stiffening blood vessels. The involvement both innate adaptive immunity pathogenesis human atherosclerosis increasingly recognised. However, spatial organization specific roles during various stages progression remain poorly understood, underscoring necessity for additional research elucidate their functions throughout course. A better...

This study investigated whether loss of power with aging is fully accounted for by a decrease in muscle volume. Triceps surae and volume (VOL) were measured 18 older (OM: 69-82 years) 12 younger men (YM: 19-35 years). Isokinetic peak torque was to determine torque-velocity power-velocity relationships. Both observed (PP(obs)) estimated from Hill's equation (PP(est)) markedly reduced the OM (PP(obs) 45% PP(est) 43% those YM). VOL 81% that YM (p <.001). Specific (PP(est)/VOL) 55.2% Torque at...