Abstract While the formation of myelin by oligodendrocytes is critical for function central nervous system, molecular mechanism controlling oligodendrocyte differentiation remains largely unknown. Here we identify G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) as an inhibitor late-stage and myelination. GPR37 enriched in its expression increases during their into forming cells. Genetic deletion Gpr37 does not affect number precursor cells, but results precocious hypermyelination. The inhibition...

ABSTRACT Nine outer doublet microtubules in axonemes of flagella and cilia are heterogeneous structure biochemical properties. In mammalian sperm flagella, one the factors to generate heterogeneity is tubulin polyglutamylation, although importance modification unclear. Here, we show that a polyglutamylase Ttll9 deficiency (Ttll9−/−) causes unique set phenotypes related heterogeneity. Ttll9−/− had frequent loss reduced polyglutamylation. Intriguingly, selectively occurred at distal region 7,...

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, is considered to exert anti-inflammatory antioxidant effects. Microglia maintain homeostasis in central nervous system play a key role neuroinflammation, while autophagy controls numerous fundamental biological processes, including pathogen removal, cytokine production, clearance toxic aggregates. However, DMF induction relationship this effect with...

Fluoxetine is a classic antidepressant drug, and its immunomodulatory effects have recently been reported in many disease models. In addition, it has strong antineuroinflammatory stroke neurodegenerative animal However, the effect of fluoxetine on microglia phagocytosis molecular mechanisms not yet studied. this study, we investigated whether regulatory microglial function. Microglia cell lines primary mouse were treated with fluoxetine, production inflammatory cytokines neurotrophic factors...

Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability modify its structure, accompanied by functional changes. It is influenced learning, experiences, and dietary factors, even in later life. Accumulated researches have indicated that ginseng may protect brain enhance function pathological conditions. There a compelling need for more comprehensive understanding of ginseng's role physiological condition because many individuals without specific diseases seek improve their health incorporating into...

Abstract Background: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes are chronic diseases, which generally require lifetime care. Meditation yoga can be complementary to pharmacological therapies according the scientific evidences so far. Brain education-based meditation (BEM) is a technique, has been known change brain structure, psychology, physiology of healthy adult participants. This randomized, nonblinded pilot trial aimed examine whether BEM affects conditions patients with hypertension and/or...

Some ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain-containing proteins are known to play roles in receptor trafficking. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) undergo constitutive cycling between the intracellular compartment and cell surface central nervous system. However, function of UBL recycling AMPARs synaptic has not yet been reported.Here, we report that Transmembrane 1 (Tmub1) protein, formerly as Hepatocyte Odd Protein Shuttling (HOPS) which is abundantly...

Abstract Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) provides a novel opportunity for visualization of molecular ion distribution. Currently, there are two major ionization techniques, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and secondary (SIMS) widely used imaging biomolecules in tissue samples. MALDI SIMS‐based IMS have the following features; measurable ranges wide small, spatial resolutions low high, respectively. To best our knowledge, this is first report to identify lipids cultured...

Glycoprotein M6B and the closely related proteolipid protein regulate oligodendrocyte myelination in central nervous system, but their role peripheral system is less clear. Here we report that located at nodes of Ranvier nerves where it stabilizes nodal axolemma. We show co-localized associates with gliomedin Schwann cell microvilli are attached to nodes. Developmental analysis sciatic nerves, as well myelinating cells/dorsal root ganglion neurons cultures, revealed already present...

Although evidence on myelin diseases is steadily accumulating, effective preventive or therapeutic strategies against them have not been established so far. Ginseng well-known for its beneficial effects health and diseases; however, detailed studies ginseng's myelin-producing oligodendrocytes performed yet. In this study, we investigated the function of gintonin—an active component ginseng—on proliferation, differentiation, survival oligodendrocyte lineage cells. We real-time PCR, western...

Neuroinflammation is involved in various neurological diseases. Activated microglia secrete many pro-inflammatory factors and induce neuronal cell death. Thus, the inhibition of excessive proinflammatory activity leads to a therapeutic effect that alleviates progression degeneration. In this study, we investigated Croton tiglium (C. tiglium) Linn. extract (CTE) on production pro- anti-inflammatory mediators astrocytes via RT-PCR, Western blot, nitric oxide assay. Neurotoxicity was measured...

Abstract Owing to hormonal changes, women experience various psychophysiological alterations over a wide age range, which may result in decreased quality of life as well increased risks diseases, such cardiovascular diseases. Although studies have been performed research complementary methods, meditation, the field still requires an adequate amount for public health guidelines. This pilot cross-sectional study aims investigate potential association meditation with menopausal symptoms and...

Abnormalities of myelin, which increases the efficiency action potential conduction, are found in neurological disorders. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) demonstrates therapeutic efficacy against some these conditions, however effects on oligodendrocyte (OL)s not well known. Here, we examined KRG-derived components development and protection OL-lineage cells.Primary OL precursor cell (OPC) cultures were prepared from neonatal mouse cortex. The protective efficacies KRG inhibitors mitochondrial...

Treatment of multiple sclerosis is effective when anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and regenerative strategies are combined. Dendropanax morbiferus ( DM ) has anti-oxidative properties, which may be beneficial for sclerosis. However, there have been no reports on the effects myelination, critical processes. To know whether benefits we checked differentiation myelination oligodendrocytes (OLs) in various primary culture systems treated with leaf EtOH extracts or control. increased OL...

Numerous studies have revealed that meditative movement changes brain activity and improves the cognitive function of adults. However, there is still insufficient data on whether contributes to adolescents whose under development. Therefore, this study aimed uncover effects performance its relation with in adolescents. Forty healthy adolescent participants (mean age 17∼18) were randomly allocated into two groups: control group. The group was instructed perform movement, twice a day for 9 min...