Microglia are resident myeloid cells in the CNS that activated by infection, neuronal injury, and inflammation. Established BV2 microglial cell lines have been primary vitro models used to study neuroinflammation for more than a decade because they reduce requirement of continuously maintaining preparations animal experimentation models. However, doubt has recently raised regarding value as model system. We triplicate RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) investigate molecular signature using two...

Biological systems offer many interesting examples of oscillations, chaos, and bifurcations. Oscillations in biology arise because most cellular processes contain feedbacks that are appropriate for generating rhythms. These rhythms essential regulating function. In this tutorial review, we treat two nonlinear dynamic give rise to bursting, spiking, fractals: endogenous electrical activity excitable cells Ca 2+ releases from the stores nonexcitable induced by hormones neurotransmitters. We...

Macrophages are the prime innate immune cells of inflammatory response, and combination multiple signaling inputs derived from recognition host factors (e.g., interferon-g/IFN-γ) invading pathogen products TLR agonists) required to maintain essential macrophage function. The profound effects on biological outcomes inflammation associated with IFN-γ pretreatment ("priming") TLR4 ligand bacterial LPS-induced activation (M1 or classical activation) have long been recognized, but underlying...

Resident macrophages in the CNS microglia become activated and produce proinflammatory molecules upon encountering bacteria or viruses. TLRs are a phylogenetically conserved diverse family of sensors that drive innate immune responses following interactions with PAMPs. TLR3 TLR4 recognize viral dsRNA Poly (I:C) bacterial endotoxin LPS, respectively. Importantly, these receptors differ their downstream adaptor molecules. Thus far, only few studies have investigated effects macrophages....

Abstract Microglia, resident macrophages of the brain that act as primary immune cells, play essential roles in innate immunity and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Microglial cells are rapidly activated response to infection inflammation/injury, associated with expression proinflammatory genes secretion cytokines. The bromodomain extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor JQ1 has been shown be an epigenetic agent reduces inflammation. In this study, we investigated mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory...

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expanded in vitro exhibit not only a tendency to lose their proliferative potential, homing ability and telomere length but also genetic or epigenetic modifications, resulting senescence. We compared differential methylation patterns of genes miRNAs between early-passage [passage 5 (P5)] late-passage (P15) estimated the relationship senescence DNA patterns. When we examined hypermethylated (methylation peak ≥ 2) at P5 P15, 2,739 genes,...

Microglial cells become rapidly activated through interactions with pathogens, and the persistent activation of these is associated various neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have investigated transcriptomic signatures in microglia or macrophages using microarray technologies. However, this method has numerous restrictions, such as spatial biases, uneven probe properties, low sensitivity, dependency on probes spotted. To overcome limitation identify novel transcribed genes response...

Microglial cells become rapidly activated through interaction with pathogens, and their persistent activation is associated the production secretion of various pro-inflammatory genes, cytokines, chemokines, which may initiate or amplify neurodegenerative diseases. Bromodomain extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are a group epigenetic regulators that associate acetylated histones facilitate transcription target genes. A novel synthetic BET inhibitor, JQ1, was proven to exert immunosuppressive...

Abstract Due to their multipotentiality and immunomodulation, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are widely studied for the treatment of degenerative inflammatory diseases. Transplantation hMSCs damaged tissue is a promising approach regeneration. However, physiological mechanisms regulatory processes MSC trafficking injured largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated gene expression profile migratory potential upon stimulation with TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using RNA sequencing,...

// Soo Young Cho 1, * , Minhye Choi 2, Hyo-Jeong Ban 3, 4, Chang Hyeon Lee 5 Soojun Park 6 HanKyeom Kim 2 Young-Sik Seek 3 Ji-Yun 1 Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Science BK21, Program Science, Seoul National University, 08826, Republic Korea Department Pathology, 02841, Division Molecular Life Sciences, Hanyang Ansan 15588, 4 Bio-Medical Informatics, Center Genome Health, Centers Disease Control Prevention,...

Persistent microglial activation is associated with the production and secretion of various pro-inflammatory genes, cytokines chemokines, which may initiate or amplify neurodegenerative diseases. A novel synthetic histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase JMJD3 inhibitor, GSK-J4, was proven to exert immunosuppressive activities in macrophages. However, a genome-wide search for GSK-J4 molecular targets has not been undertaken microglia. To study immuno-modulatory effects at transcriptomic...

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and poorly responsive cancers worldwide. Bromodomain extraterminal (BET) inhibitors, such as JQ1 OTX-015, inhibit BET protein binding to acetylated residues in histones. However, physiological mechanisms regulatory processes inhibition HCC remain unclear. To explore inhibitors’ potential role molecular underlying their anticancer effects HCC, we analyzed inhibitor-treated cells’ gene expression profiles with RNA-seq...

Little is known about the relationship between miRNA and mRNA expression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) at early- or late-symptomatic stages. Sequence-based target prediction algorithms anti-correlation profiles have been applied to predict targets using omics data, but this approach often leads false positive predictions. Here, we joint profiling analysis of levels Tg6799 AD model mice 4 8 months age a network topology-based method. We constructed gene regulatory networks used PageRank...

Persistent macrophage activation is associated with the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, cytokines and chemokines, which may initiate or amplify inflammatory disorders. A novel synthetic BET inhibitor, JQ1, was proven to exert immunosuppressive activities in macrophages. However, a genome-wide search for JQ1 molecular targets has not been undertaken. The present study aimed at evaluating anti-inflammatory function underlying genes that are targeted by LPS-stimulated primary bone...

The removal of histone H3 trimethylation at lysine residue 27 (H3K27me3) plays a critical role in the transcriptional initiation developmental genes. H3K27me3-specific KDM6 demethylases JMJD3 and UTX are responsible for various genes, but some genes expressed demethylase-independent manner. To address H3K27me3 retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation human carcinoma NCCIT cell line, we inhibited using demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4. commitment JMJD3/UTX-inhibited cells to specific fate was...

Abstract Although increasing evidence supports the inhibitory role of Notch in granulocyte differentiation, direct effects on differentiation and maturation eosinophils, one type granulocyte, have not yet been studied. We investigated whether a blockage signaling promoted eosinophils from umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells. Freshly isolated UCB cells were cultured with IL‐3, IL‐5 GM‐CSF presence or absence γ‐secretase inhibitor L‐685,458, examined for expression major basic protein (MBP)....