Preoperative anxiety is common in pediatric patients. When dexmedetomidine used alone for sedation as premedication, children tend to awaken when separated from their parents, and body movements occur during invasive procedures. We tested the hypothesis that combination of ketamine may be a useful premedication alleviate preoperative improve cooperation intravenous cannulation patients, while producing minimal adverse events. A total 135 children, aged 2–5 years American Society...

We studied the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine combined with oral ketamine for premedication in children. One hundred and sixty children aged between 2 6 years were randomly allocated to one four groups: 1 μg.kg(-1) 3 mg.kg(-1) (Group 1); 5 2); 3); 4). Sedation levels 10, 20 30 min after evaluated using a 5-point sedation scale. A 4-point emotional state score was used evaluate patients when they separated from their parents response intravenous cannulation or facemask application....

Abstract Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common side-effects following strabismus surgery. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different doses dexmedetomidine (DEX) on PONV incidence in pediatric patients undergoing Methods In this prospective randomized double-blinded study, 126 surgery were into one three groups: Placebo group, normal saline; DEX1 0.3 μg/kg dexmedetomidine, DEX2 0.5 dexmedetomidine. Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) events recorded during or...

Propofol-induced injection pain is a common adverse effect during the induction of general anesthesia. The purpose this study to investigate low-dose esketamine in preventing propofol pain.In double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, patients scheduled for elective ear surgery under anesthesia received either normal saline (NS), or 40 mg lidocaine, 0.15 mg/kg 30 seconds before manual propofol. primary outcome was incidence pain. secondary outcomes included score, vital signs, total dosage...

Studies have found that propofol can inhibit endotoxin-induced monocyte-macrophages to produce various inflammatory factors. This study is disclose whether the affects expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and release interleukin-6 (IL-6), 8 (IL-8) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).RAW were divided into four groups for intervention. After culturing 16 h, culture supernatants collected. The HMGB1 was detected by Western blot....

Abstract High consumption of nickel‐containing products leads to more exposure humans nickel and its by‐products. Except the lethal effect acute poison, chronic is also harmful humans, but mechanism nickel‐induced cytotoxicity remains unclear. Here, we found that long‐term Ni 2+ led significant DNA fragmentation, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human leukemia HL‐60 cells. Induction on fragmentation death could be prevented by antioxidants ascorbic acid (ASA) or N...

Abstract Pre‐exposure to volatile anesthetics inhibits inflammation induced by various stimuli, including surgical procedures and ischemia. We hypothesize that may induce anti‐inflammatory effects via a mechanism involving regulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs). 1.5% isoflurane for 0.5 h [measured cytokine production tumor necrosis factor‐ɑ, interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) IL‐1β] in both human THP‐1 cells primary peripheral blood monocytes stimulated lipopolysaccharide. In cells, coadministration...

Background: To alleviate anxiety before surgery is a significant concern for the pediatric anesthesiologist. Midazolam has been generally used as premedication, and compelling data regarding effective dose to mitigate lacking. The current trial addressed comparable efficacy of intravenous midazolam with different doses state, ease child-parental separation, mask compliance premedication in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

Background and Purpose: There are many benefits of administering dexmedetomidine perioperatively. The pharmacokinetics (PK) pharmacodynamics (PD) intravenous, intranasal oral that was administered before anesthesia were compared in this study, the effects on surgical field visibility tympanoplasty evaluated. Methods: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted a university-affiliated hospital where 45 patients who underwent under general randomly allocated into three groups....

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact Zero Markup drug (ZMD) policy on hospitalization expenses for inpatients in tertiary Chinese hospitals. Methods: Using administrative data from hospital electronic health records (EHRs) between 2015 and 2017, we implemented quantile difference-in-differences (QDID) estimators evaluate ZMD while controlling patient-level hospital-level characteristics. Results: According QDID models, introduction significantly induced lower costs...

Abstract Background During emergence from anesthesia after partial and total laryngectomy, excessive airway reflex systemic hypertension may lead to subcutaneous emphysema, hemorrhage or pneumothorax. Methods American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status III IV male adults undergoing elective laryngectomy were recruited randomly allocated receive either dexmedetomidine (group D) midazolam M). The primary outcome was incidence severity cough. Pulse oximetry results (SpO 2 ), heart rate...

To evaluate different doses of dexmedetomidine for the prevention emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. One hundred and thirty aged 3–10 years scheduled adenotonsillectomy were randomly assigned to two groups. Anesthesia was induced with 0.5 μg.kg-1 (DEX group) or 1 at beginning surgery. Observers who recorded data postanesthesia care unit blinded allocation. The primary outcome percentage agitation. times spontaneous breath, awake, extubate, stay also recorded....

Background and Purpose Dexmedetomidine has many benefits in perioperative administration. This study aims to describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous, intranasal oral administration dexmedetomidine before anaesthesia induction, evaluate effects on visibility surgical field tympanoplasty. Methods single-blind, randomised controlled trial a university-affiliated hospital. Forty-five patients underwent tympanoplasty under general were enrolled. Patients randomly allocated, blocks 3, by...

Preoperative fear and anxiety are prevalent in children undergoing surgery. The combination of esketamine dexmedetomidine has been proposed as a promising premedication for enhancing preoperative sedation analgesia. This study compared the efficacy intranasal alone esketamine-dexmedetomidine pediatric patients strabismus

Abstract Purpose: Recent studies have shown that exposure to sevoflurane in developing brains causes neuronal apoptosis and cognitive dysfunction. “Necroptosis” is a novel pathway of necrosis. We introduced the caspase-specific inhibitor Z-VAD addition receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) Nec-1, ascertain existence importance necroptosis. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rat pups postnatal day 7 were randomly assigned into one four groups: control, sevoflurane+Z-VAD, sevoflurane+Z-VAD+Nec-1...

The therapeutic effects of volatile anesthetics on mental diseases, particularly schizophrenia, have gained considerable interest. Although isoflurane is a commonly used anesthetic, there’s no more evidence that it could work treating schizophrenia. Here, we discovered inhaling at low concentrations might reverse the behavioral phenotypes schizophrenia caused by MK801, such as hyperlocomotion, pre-pulse inhibition impairment, and working memory loss. Isoflurane also helped...