Background We hypothesized that the addition of a preoperative pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block to intra-articular local anesthetic injection would improve analgesia after total hip arthroplasty. Method In this double-blinded trial, 71 patients scheduled for primary arthroplasty were randomized receive PENG with 20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine (PENG group) or saline (placebo group). All received an by surgeon completion procedure. The outcome was highest pain score reported in recovery room....

Studies showed that upregulation of Nav1.6 increased the neuronal excitability and participated in neuropathic pain dorsal root ganglion (DRG). However, molecular mechanisms underlying were not reported yet. The paw withdrawal threshold was measured rodents following lumbar 5 ventral transection (L5-VRT). Then qPCR, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays performed to explore vivo vitro. We found levels phosphorylated STAT3...

The abnormally high nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity is a typical characteristic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) highly selective α-2 adrenergic agonist that inhibits the activation NLRP3. Thus, it was hypothesized Dex could attenuate TBI by inhibiting NLRP3 in hippocampus. Rats were subjected to controlled cortical impact method induce TBI, and treated with Dex. effect treatment on...

The underdevelopment of electron transport layer (ETL) materials remains a critical bottleneck limiting the overall photovoltaic performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Fullerene derivatives, such as PCBM, are widely employed ETL in PSCs due to their excellent affinity and energy level alignment with layer. However, PCBM suffers from high disorder, self‐aggregation predilection, insufficient defect passivation ability, leading significant charge carrier recombination accumulation...

The underdevelopment of electron transport layer (ETL) materials remains a critical bottleneck limiting the overall photovoltaic performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Fullerene derivatives, such as PCBM, are widely employed ETL in PSCs due to their excellent affinity and energy level alignment with layer. However, PCBM suffers from high disorder, self‐aggregation predilection, insufficient defect passivation ability, leading significant charge carrier recombination accumulation...

Projections from the periaqueductal gray (PAG) to rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are known engage in descending pain modulation, but how neural substrates of PAG-RVM projections contribute neuropathic remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed somatostatin-expressing glutamatergic neurons lateral/ventrolateral PAG that facilitate mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity a mouse model chemotherapy-induced pain. We found these form direct excitatory connections with RVM region....

Although tissue-derived high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in many aspects of inflammation and tissue injury after trauma, its role trauma-induced immune suppression remains elusive. Using an established mouse model peripheral which includes soft fracture components, we report here that treatment with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody ameliorated the attenuated T-cell responses accumulation CD11b + Gr-1 myeloid-derived suppressor cells spleens seen two days injury. Our data suggest...

Background Intranasal dexmedetomidine, a well-tolerated and convenient treatment option, has been shown to induce favorable perioperative anxiolysis in children. We investigate intranasal dexmedetomidine as sedative premedication for anesthesia recovery an adult population. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial; 81 patients scheduled elective suspension laryngoscopy received (1 μg∙kg–1) or placebo 45–60 min before anesthetic induction. Extubation time was used the primary outcome...

Depressive symptoms comorbid with chronic pain are a common health problem, but the underlying neural circuit mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify glutamatergic projection from nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) to central amygdala (CeA) that mediates depression-like behaviors in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic model. Inhibition or ablation NTS neurons alleviates depressive not hypersensitive these mice. The projected form excitatory synapses somatostatin-expressing CeA. Silencing...

Silica is a toxicant that can stimulate cells to produce various cellular products such as free radicals, cytokines, and growth factors. its induced substances may induce apoptosis regulate the evolution of silica-induced inflammation fibrosis. To examine this hypothesis, groups Wistar male rats were intratracheally instilled with different doses Min-U-Sil 5 silica (Silica, Berkeley Springs, WV). Ten days after instillation, we obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage placed them on slides...

Hemorrhagic shock due to trauma (HS/T) induces an inflammatory response that can contribute end-organ injury. The pathways involved in the initiation and propagation of HS/T-induced inflammation are incompletely understood. Here, we hypothesized DNA sensor TLR9 would have a role signaling after HS/T. Using mice expressing nonfunctional, mutant form TLR9, identified driving initial cytokine liver damage model hemorrhagic bilateral femur fracture. Circulating levels were found correlate with...

Purpose . To investigate whether adding video assistance to traditional verbal informed consent advisement improved satisfaction among cataract surgery patients. Methods This trial enrolled 80 Chinese patients with age-related cataracts scheduled undergo unilateral phacoemulsification surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups: the group watched explaining cataract-related information and rewatched specific segments of at their own discretion, before receiving advisement; control did...

Safety concerns of some local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, have been raised in recent years due to potential neurological impairment. Dexmedetomidine may protect humans from neurotoxicity, and miR-let-7b is activated by nerve injury; however, the roles its target gene lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity are not well known. Through bioinformatics a luciferase reporter assay, COL3A1 was suggested direct miR-let-7b. Here, we confirmed measuring mRNA protein levels that downregulated upregulated...

Abstract Background We previously reported a correlation between small doses of oxaliplatin penetrating onto the spinal cord and acute pain after chemotherapy. Here, we propose that MT2 within dorsal horns participates in development oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic may be pharmacological target for prevention treatment chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Methods The rat model CIPN was established by 5 consecutive injections (0.4 mg/100 g/day). Genetic restoration...

Background:Dexmedetomidine-induced bradycardia or hypotension has recently attracted considerable attention because of potentially grave consequences, including sinus arrest and refractory cardiogenic shock. A route other than intravenous injection a low dose may help minimize cardiovascular risks associated with dexmedetomidine. However, few studies have addressed the clinical effects low-dose intramuscular dexmedetomidine as premedication. Material andMethods:Forty American Society...

To investigate whether dexamethasone has an effect on functional expression of p-glycoprotein in cultured human RPE and, if so, this occurs through interaction with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and pregnane X (PXR).The D407 was treated increasing concentrations and/or RU486 for various time periods up to 24 hours. Treated cells were collected cell viability, expressions PXR, rhodamine 123 accumulation assays. GR plasmid rifampicin chosen the relationship GR/PXR activation...

Trauma results in a persistent depression adaptive immunity, which contributes to patient morbidity and mortality. This state of immune paralysis following trauma is characterized by change cell-mediated specifically T-cell function shift toward TH2 phenotype. Upregulation inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) well recognized after injury the inflammatory response organ damage early trauma. However, it unknown whether iNOS plays role dysfunction study utilized murine model severe peripheral...

BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect endogenous ligands released after trauma and contribute to the proinflammatory response injury. Posttraumatic mortality correlates with extent of immunoinflammatory injury that is composed a complex regulation innate adaptive immune responses. Although TLRs are known modulate responses, their role in suppression lymphocyte responses following traumatic tissue unclear. METHODS This study used murine model severe peripheral injury, involving muscle...

Abstract Pre‐exposure to volatile anesthetics inhibits inflammation induced by various stimuli, including surgical procedures and ischemia. We hypothesize that may induce anti‐inflammatory effects via a mechanism involving regulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs). 1.5% isoflurane for 0.5 h [measured cytokine production tumor necrosis factor‐ɑ, interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) IL‐1β] in both human THP‐1 cells primary peripheral blood monocytes stimulated lipopolysaccharide. In cells, coadministration...

Inhibition of p-glycoprotein under hyperglycemic conditions has been reported in various barrier tissues including blood-brain barrier, intestine, and kidney, linked to significant clinical complications. However, whether this is also true for the outer blood-retinal constituted by retinal pigment epithelium, or a role pathogenesis diabetic retinopathy not yet clear. In study, using cultured human epithelium cell line D407, we found that high glucose exposure induced decrease expression both...

We randomly allocated 80 patients to intravenous dexmedetomidine (0.25, 0.5, or 1 μg.kg(-1) ) placebo 15 min before anaesthetic induction. Dexmedetomidine 0.5 and 1.0 significantly reduced the mean (95% CI) propofol effect-site concentrations by 0.83 (0.63-1.03) μg.ml(-1) , p = 0.001 1.29 (1.12-1.46) 0.0003 at intubation, 1.05 (0.85-1.25 0.0006 1.33 (1.15-1.51) 0.0002 when surgery started, 0.59 (0.39-0.79) 0.030 0.72 (0.57-0.87) 0.004 on completion of surgery, respectively. Patients'...

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the liver contributes to pathobiology injury in transplantation, surgery, and hemorrhagic shock. induces an inflammatory response that is driven, part, by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR) signaling. CD14 known participate function TLR4. We hypothesized would be involved warm hepatic I/R.Using a 70% inflow inclusion model, knockout wild-type (WT) mice were subjected 1-h ischemia followed reperfusion. mRNA, circulating transaminase, interleukin 6, soluble CD14,...