In recent years, research in the area of intervention development has been shifting from traditional fixed-intervention approach to adaptive interventions, which allow greater individualization and adaptation options (i.e., type and/or dosage) over time. Adaptive interventions are operationalized via a sequence decision rules that specify how should be adapted an individual's characteristics changing needs, with general aim optimize long-term effectiveness intervention. Here, we review...

OBJECTIVE To gather preliminary data on the feasibility and efficacy of etanercept therapy to prolong endogenous insulin production in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a 24-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study conducted at Diabetes Center, Women Children's Hospital Buffalo. Eighteen subjects (11 male 7 female, aged 7.8–18.2 years) were randomly assigned receive either placebo or etanercept. Inclusion criteria...

Abstract Introduction Dental plaque biofilms are colonized by respiratory pathogens in mechanically-ventilated intensive care unit patients. Thus, improvements oral hygiene these patients may prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. The goal of this study was to determine the minimum frequency (once or twice a day) for 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate application necessary reduce colonization 175 intubated trauma unit. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial tested...

.Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) make up a considerable proportion of students who receive special education services in schools. The present study aimed to enhance the outcomes ADHD settings by using daily report card (DRC). Thirty-three children placements were randomly assigned an intervention condition wherein behavioral consultants worked teacher and parent construct implement DRC based on child’s individualized plan goals objectives. These compared 30...

Increasing interest in individualizing and adapting intervention services over time has led to the development of adaptive interventions.Adaptive interventions operationalize individualization a sequence options via use decision rules that input participant information output recommendations.We introduce Q-learning, which is generalization regression analysis settings decisions regarding or are made.The Q indicate this method used assess relative quality options.In particular, we Q-learning...

In the United States, marijuana is most commonly used illicit drug. Its prevalence growing, particularly among young adults. Behavioral economic indices of relative reinforcing efficacy (RRE) substances have been to examine appeal licit (e.g., alcohol) and heroin) drugs. The present study first use an experimental, simulated purchasing task RRE marijuana. Young-adult (M age = 21.64 years) recreational users (N 59) completed a computerized designed generate demand curves related intensity...

Abstract Catalase is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that neutralizes hydrogen peroxide and induced by oxidative challenge. A −262C → T polymorphism in the promoter region of gene (CAT) associated with risk several conditions related to stress. We sought determine functional effects CAT on activity erythrocytes potential modifying demographic lifestyle factors genotype/phenotype relationships, using specimens data from controls breast prostate cancer studies Arkansas (n = 420). There was a...

Objective: To characterize the late adolescent and young adult outcomes of girls diagnosed with ADHD in childhood. Method: The study included 58 women from a larger longitudinal ADHD. A total 34 ( M = 19.97 years old) met DSM criteria for childhood, whereas remaining 24 19.83 did not. Self- parent-reports psychopathology, delinquency, interpersonal relationships, academic achievement, job performance, substance use were collected. Results: findings suggest that experience difficulties...

Abstract Purpose: The cancer/germline antigen NY-ESO-1 is variably expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), with most tumors showing low or heterogeneous expression, which limits patient responses to vaccine therapy. We tested the hypothesis that promoter and global genomic DNA methylation status correlates intertumor intratumor expression EOC. Experimental Design: utilized 78 EOC 10 normal ovary controls for quantitative analyses analysis by immunohistochemistry (IHC) reverse...

To test the efficacy of an innovative family-based intervention for overweight preschool-aged children and parents conducted in primary care setting.Children with BMI ≥ 85th percentile parent were randomized to or information control (IC). Trained staff delivered dietary physical/sedentary activities education over 6 months (10 group meetings 8 calls). Parents received also behavioral modification. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed by using mixed variance models changes child...

Fathers, in general, have been underrepresented studies of parent training outcome for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the present study aimed to investigate efficacy a behavioral program developed expressly fathers. The investigation randomly assigned 55 fathers ages 6 12 ADHD Coaching Our Acting-out Children: Heightening Essential Skills (COACHES) or waitlist control group. Outcomes included objective observations behaviors ratings child behavior. Results...

Background and Purpose— Many ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are small. Clinical presentations suggest that small large IAs could have different phenotypes. It is unknown if characteristics discriminate rupture. Methods— We analyzed morphological, hemodynamic, clinical parameters of 413 retrospectively collected (training cohort; 102 IAs). Hierarchal cluster analysis was performed to determine a size cutoff dichotomize the IA population into IAs. applied multivariate logistic...

Abstract Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death with chance survival restricted to a subset non–small cell lung (NSCLC) patients able undergo surgical resection. However, recurrence rate NSCLC after surgery remains high few prognostic indicators clinical outcome. Peroxiredoxin1 (Prx1) shown be elevated in various cancers and confers an aggressive phenotype. We recently cloned prx1 promoter found that NF-E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) key transcription for up-regulation. Previous...

Abstract Purpose: Cancer germline (CG) antigens are frequently expressed and hypomethylated in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but the relationship of this phenomenon to global DNA hypomethylation is unknown. In addition, potential mechanisms leading hypomethylation, its clinicopathologic significance EOC, have not been determined. Experimental Design: We used quantitative mRNA expression methylation analyses determine between X-linked (MAGE-A1, NY-ESO-1, XAGE-1) autosomal (BORIS, SOHLH2)...

We have previously developed three logistic regression models for discriminating intracranial aneurysm rupture status from 119 aneurysms based on hemodynamic-morphological parameters. In this study we exploit their use as a tool predicting the risk of with defined Rupture Resemblance Score (RRS).We collected three-dimensional images 85 consecutive aneurysms, applied and compared model performance at against anecdotal metrics (aneurysm size aspect ratio). then reinterpreted model-predicted...

OBJECTIVE: To test in the primary care setting short- and long-term efficacy of a behavioral intervention that simultaneously targeted an overweight child parent versus information control (IC) targeting weight only child. METHODS: Two- to 5-year-old children who had BMI ≥85th percentile (BMI >25 kg/m2) were randomized Intervention or IC, both receiving diet activity education over 12 months (13 sessions) followed by 12-month follow-up (3 sessions). Parents group also for received...

Background We previously established three logistic regression models for discriminating intracranial aneurysm rupture status based on morphological and hemodynamic analysis of 119 aneurysms. In this study, we tested if these would remain stable with increasing sample size, investigated sizes required various confidence levels (CIs). Methods augmented our previous dataset aneurysms into a new 204 samples by collecting an additional 85 consecutive aneurysms, which performed flow simulation...

Traditional regression analysis primarily aims to describe the overall relationship between variables, often overlooking unexplainable aspects by design. Our focus is on these unexplained aspects, leveraging them identify disparity groups with outlying behavior that deviate from established model. We introduce a data-driven method for identifying such using group studentized residuals, which we term mean squared of external residuals. apply this investigate disparities within healthcare...