A5005841104- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Malaria Research and Control
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Bird parasitology and diseases
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Insects and Parasite Interactions
- Insect behavior and control techniques
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
University of California, Davis
2014-2023
Vector (United States)
2003-2019
Ecological Society of America
2018
Plum Island Animal Disease Center
2016
Agricultural Research Service
2016
Fogarty International Center
2010-2014
National Institutes of Health
2010-2014
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2014
Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío
2009
California Department of Public Health
2008
To identify the mosquito species competent for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission, we evaluated 10 California that are known vectors of other arboviruses or major pests: Culex tarsalis, Cx. pipiens pipiens, p. quinquefasciatus, stigmatosoma, erythrothorax, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, Oc. melanimon, sierrensis, Aedes vexans, and Culiseta inornata. All became infected were able to transmit WNV at some level. Ochlerotatus, Culiseta, low moderately efficient vectors. They feed primarily on mammals...
Culex tarsalis Coquillett females were infected with the NY99 strain of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) and then incubated under constant temperatures 10-30 degrees C. At selected time intervals, transmission was attempted using an in vitro capillary tube assay. The median from imbibing infectious bloodmeal until transmitted WNV (median extrinsic incubation period, EIP50) estimated by probit analysis. By regressing EIP rate (inverse as a function temperature 14...
Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in California during July 2003 by isolation from a pool of Culex tarsalis collected near El Centro, Imperial County. WNV then amplified and dispersed Coachella Valleys, where it tracked pools Cx. tarsalis, seroconversions sentinel chickens, seroprevalence free-ranging birds. to the city Riverside, Riverside County, Whittier Dam area Los Angeles dead birds pipiens quinquefasciatus. By October, riparian corridors Angeles, west Long Beach,...
The ability of the invading NY99 strain West Nile virus (WNV) to elicit an elevated viremia response in California passerine birds was critical for effective infection Culex mosquitoes. Of bird species tested, Western scrub jays, Aphelocoma coerulescens, produced highest response, followed by house finches, Carpodacus mexicanus, and sparrows, Passer domesticus. Most likely, few mourning, Zenaidura macroura, or common ground, Columbina passerine, doves no quail, Callipepla californica,...
Abstract Culex tarsalis Coquillett females were infected with the NY99 strain of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) and then incubated under constant temperatures 10–30°C. At selected time intervals, transmission was attempted using an in vitro capillary tube assay. The median from imbibing infectious bloodmeal until transmitted WNV (median extrinsic incubation period, EIP50) estimated by probit analysis. By regressing EIP rate (inverse as a function temperature 14...
Mosquito-borne diseases pose some of the greatest challenges in public health, especially tropical and sub-tropical regions world.Efforts to control these have been underpinned by a theoretical framework developed for malaria Ross Macdonald (1), including models, metrics measuring transmission, theory that identifies key vulnerabilities transmission cycle.That framework, Macdonald's formula R 0 ,and its entomological derivative, vectorial capacity, are now used study dynamics design...
West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) invaded southern California during 2003, successfully overwintered, amplified to epidemic levels, and then dispersed every county in the state. Although surveillance programs tracked measured these events, mechanisms that allowed efficient overwintering subsequent amplification of WNV have not been elucidated. Our current research provided evidence for three whereby may persisted winters 2003–2004 2004–2005: 1) continued enzootic...
Pathogen transmission by mosquitos is known to be highly sensitive mosquito bionomic parameters. Mosquito mark-release-recapture (MMRR) experiments are a standard method for estimating such parameters including dispersal, population size and density, survival, blood feeding frequency meal host preferences. We assembled comprehensive database describing adult female MMRR experiments. Bibliographic searches were used build digital library of studies selected data the reported outcomes...
The extrinsic incubation rate (inverse of the time in days from infection to median transmission) western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses by laboratory strains Culex tarsalis Coquillett increased as a linear function temperatures 10 30°C. estimated for zero transmission thresholds (intercept X axis) were 10.9 14.9°C, number degree above these required slope) was 67.6 115.2, respectively. Although bodies most Cx. females remained infected WEE viral...
Three California Culex species previously identified as efficient laboratory vectors of West Nile (WN) virus were tested for their capability to vertically transmit WN virus. Wild-caught pipiens L., quinquefasciatus Say, and two populations tarsalis Coquillett females inoculated intrathoracically with 102.7 ± 0.1 plaque-forming units F1 progeny reared at 18°C subsequently adults infectious on Vero cell culture. Virus was not detected in 197 pools comprising 4,884 Cx. p. pipiens. The minimum...
The ability of the invading NY99 strain West Nile virus (WNV) to elicit an elevated viremia response in California passerine birds was critical for effective infection Culex mosquitoes.Of bird species tested, Western scrub jays, Aphelocoma coerulescens, produced highest response, followed by house Þnches, Carpodacus mexicanus, and sparrows, Passer domesticus.Most likely, few mourning, Zenaidura macroura, or common ground, Columbina passerine, doves no quail, Callipepla californica, chickens...
The strain of West Nile virus (WNV) currently epidemic in North America contains a genetic mutation elevating its virulence birds, especially species the family Corvidae. Although dead American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) have been hallmark epidemic, overall impact WNV on America's avifauna remains poorly understood and has not addressed thoroughly California. Here, we evaluate variation by effect California birds from 2004 to 2007 using (1) seroprevalence free-ranging (2) percentage...
West Nile virus (WNV) has remained epidemic in Kern County, CA, since its introduction 2004 through 2007 when the human case annual incidence increased from 6-8 to 17 per 100,000, respectively. The increase infection was associated with contradicting surveillance indicators, including severe drought, warm spring but cool summer temperature anomalies, decreased rural and urban mosquito abundance early season Culex quinquefasciatus Say, moderate avian "herd immunity," declines catch of...
Host selection by vector mosquitoes is a critical component of virus proliferation, particularly for viruses such as West Nile (WNV) that are transmitted enzootically to variety avian hosts, and tangentially dead-end hosts humans. Culex tarsalis principal WNV in rural areas western North America. Based on previous work, Cx. utilizes mammalian tends feed more frequently mammals the late summer than during rest year. To further explore this other temporal changes host selection, bloodfed...
At temperate latitudes, Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes typically overwinter as adult females in reproductive arrest and also may serve reservoir hosts for arboviruses when cold temperatures viral replication. To evaluate their role the persistence of West Nile virus (WNV) Sacramento Valley California, induction termination diapause were investigated members pipiens (L.) complex, tarsalis Coquillett, stigmatosoma Dyar under field, seminatural, experimental conditions. All spp. remained...
Abstract Adjustable rate mortgages and the downturn in California housing market caused a 300% increase notices of delinquency Bakersfield, Kern County. This led to large numbers neglected swimming pools, which were associated with 276% number human West Nile virus cases during summer 2007.
West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) invaded the Colorado Desert biome of southern California during summer 2003 and seemed to displace previously endemic St. Louis encephalitis SLEV, an antigenically similar Flavivirus in Japanese serocomplex). Western equine encephalomyelitis Togaviridae, Alphavirus, WEEV), distinct was detected 2005 2006, indicating that conditions were suitable for introduction detection. Cross-protective "avian herd immunity" due WNV infection...
Abstract West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) invaded southern California during 2003, successfully overwintered, amplified to epidemic levels, and then dispersed every county in the state. Although surveillance programs tracked measured these events, mechanisms that allowed efficient overwintering subsequent amplification of WNV have not been elucidated. Our current research provided evidence for three whereby may persisted winters 2003–2004 2004–2005: 1) continued...