Dysregulation of gut microbiota-associated tryptophan metabolism has been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, defining direct mechanistic links between this apparent metabolic rewiring and individual constituents the microbiota remains challenging. We others have previously shown that colonization commensal putative probiotic species, Lactobacillus reuteri, unexpectedly enhances host susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model To...

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by the gut microbiota, are thought to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on host immune system. The levels of SCFAs and abundance microbiota that produce them depleted in multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune disease central nervous system (CNS). mechanisms leading this depletion unknown. Using experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for MS, we have previously shown microbiomes divergent their specific commensal

Hemolytic phospholipase C, PlcH, is an important virulence factor for

The mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 are two major vectors of arthropod-borne pathogens in Grenada, West Indies. As conventional vector control methods present many challenges, alternatives urgently needed. Manipulation mosquito microbiota is emerging as a field for the development strategies. Critical to this approach knowledge these finding candidate microorganisms that common with properties could be used modification...

Abstract About 20–25% of dengue virus (DENV) infections become symptomatic ranging from self-limiting fever to shock. Immune gene expression changes during progression severe have been documented in hospitalized patients; however, baseline or kinetic information is difficult standardize natural infection. Here we profile the host immunotranscriptome response humans before, during, and after infection with a partially attenuated rDEN2Δ30 challenge (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02021968)....

Arboviruses cause diseases of significant global health concerns. Interactions between mosquitoes and their microbiota as well the important role this interaction in mosquito's capacity to harbor transmit pathogens have emerged fields research. Aedes aegypti is one most abundant many geographic locations, a vector capable transmitting number arboviruses such dengue Zika. Currently, there are few studies on metavirome mosquito particularly Americas. This study analyzes A. from Grenada,...

Microbial biofilms are ubiquitous in drinking water systems, yet our understanding of lags behind those other environments. Here, a six-member model bacterial community was used to identify the interactions and individual contributions each species biofilm formation. These bacteria were isolated from International Space Station potable system include Cupriavidus metallidurans, Chryseobacterium gleum, Ralstonia insidiosa, pickettii, Methylorubrum (Methylobacterium) populi Sphingomonas...

Abstract Alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (AT2s) derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iAT2s) have rapidly contributed to our understanding of AT2 function and disease. However, while iAT2s are primarily cultured in three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel, a matrix cancerous mouse tissue, it is unclear how physiologically relevant will impact phenotype. As extracellular (ECM) recognized as vital component directing cellular differentiation, we sought derive hydrogels decellularized lung...

Food waste diversion and composting, either mandated or voluntary, are growing alternatives to traditional disposal. An acceptable source of agricultural feed composting material, methane-emitting food residuals, including post-consumer scraps, diverted from landfills allowing recapture nutrients that would otherwise be lost. However, risk associated with the transfer antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), pathogens is not well characterized. Using...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important infecting bacterium in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, compared to other CF pathogens, S. has been relatively understudied. The significance our research provide insight into global transcriptomic changes response a medium that was designed mimic aspects lung. This study elucidates overall metabolic occur when encounters lung and generates road map candidate genes test using vitro vivo models CF.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection of cloven hooved animals that continues to cause economic disruption in both endemic countries or when introduced into formally FMD free country. Vaccines protect against clinical and virus shedding are critical control FMD. The replication deficient human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vaccine vector expressing empty (FMDV) capsid, AdtFMD, promising new platform. With no spreading detected field trials, this very safe...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Staphylococcus aureus is a pressing public health challenge with significant implications for the dairy industry, encompassing bovine mastitis concerns and potential zoonotic threats. To delve deeper into mechanisms of S. , this study employed hybrid whole genome assembly approach that synergized precision Illumina continuity Oxford Nanopore. A total 62 isolates, collected from multiple sources Vermont farms, were sequenced using GridION Nanopore R9.4.1...

Evidence suggests that sex influences the effect of diet on gut bacterial composition, yet, no studies have been performed assessing dietary fatty acid composition (i.e., fat quality) in this context. This study examined quality colonic an aged, genetically-diverse mouse population. CD-1 mice were fed isoenergetic diets consisting (1) control (CO; "Western-style" blend), (2) CO supplemented with 30% fish oil, (3) dairy fat, or (4) echium oil. Fecal samples collected at mid-life and aged...

Utilization of murine models remains a valuable tool in biomedical research, yet, disease phenotype mice across studies can vary considerably. With advances next generation sequencing, it is increasingly recognized that inconsistencies host be attributed, at least part, to differences gut bacterial composition. Research with inbred strains demonstrates housing conditions play significant role variations composition, however, few have assessed whether observed variation influences response an...

Background. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, efforts to better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral shedding and transmission in both unvaccinated vaccinated populations remain critical informing public health policies vaccine development. The utility of using real time RT-PCR cycle threshold values (C T values) as a proxy for infectious litres from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 is yet be fully understood. This retrospective observational...

Abstract Food waste diversion and composting, either mandated or voluntary, are growing alternatives to traditional disposal. An acceptable source of agricultural feed composting material, methane-emitting food residuals, including post-consumer scraps, diverted from landfills allowing recapture nutrients that would otherwise be lost. However, risk associated with the transfer antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), pathogens is not well characterized....

Bats are capable of asymptomatically carrying a diverse number microorganisms, including human pathogens, due to their unique immune system. Because the close contact between bats and humans, there is possibility for interspecies transmission consequential disease outbreaks. Herein, high-throughput sequencing was used determine kidney-associated microbiome bat species abundant in Grenada, West Indies, Artibeus spp. Results indicate that kidney these can carry potential pathogens. An...

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a power tool for the of specific RNA and DNA targets. Much like PCR, LAMP requires primers that surround target region generates exponential product through unique highly daisy-chain single-temperature reaction. However, until recently, attempts to amplify targets greater than 200 base pairs (bp) have been mostly unsuccessful limited short amplicon less 150 bp. Although amplicons benefit rapid detection (<40 min), they do not allow prediction...

We report a draft genome sequence of previously undescribed calicivirus from single brown bullhead inhabiting Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec. The is 7,413 nucleotides long and most similar to the Atlantic salmon (nucleotide identity; 64.7%).

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Staphylococcus aureus is a pressing public health challenge with significant implications for the dairy industry, encompassing bovine mastitis concerns and potential zoonotic threats. To delve deeper into mechanisms of S. aureus, this study employed hybrid whole genome assembly approach that synergized precision Illumina continuity Oxford Nanopore. A total 62 isolates, collected from multiple sources Vermont farms, were sequenced using GridION Nanopore...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Staphylococcus aureus is a pressing public health challenge with significant implications for the dairy industry, encompassing bovine mastitis concerns and potential zoonotic threats. To delve deeper into mechanisms of S. aureus, this study employed hybrid whole genome assembly approach that synergized precision Illumina continuity Oxford Nanopore. A total 62 isolates, collected from multiple sources Vermont farms, were sequenced using GridION Nanopore...

Dental caries is among the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Streptococcus mutans, chief causative agent of caries, uses a 25-kDa manganese-dependent SloR protein to coordinate uptake essential manganese with transcription its virulence attributes. Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) can either enhance or repress gene expression, and reports in literature ascribe an emerging role for sRNAs environmental stress response. Herein, we focused our attention on 18-50 nt as mediators S. mutans...

Glutamine amidotransferase-1 domain-containing AraC-family transcriptional regulators (GATRs) are present in the genomes of many bacteria, including all Pseudomonas species. The involvement several characterized GATRs amine-containing compound metabolism has been determined, but full scope GATR ligands and regulatory networks still unknown. Here, we characterize putida ’s detection animal-derived amine creatine, a particularly enriched muscle ciliated cells by creatine-specific GATR,...