A5042279938- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
Animal and Plant Health Agency
2015-2025
Veterinary Medicines Directorate
2010-2022
Royal Veterinary College
2021
Royal Society
2021
The Pirbright Institute
1998-2010
Phylogenetic evidence from the recent resurgence of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, observed in European wild birds and poultry since October 2021, suggests at least two different distinct reservoirs. We propose contrasting hypotheses for this emergence: (i) resident viruses have been maintained, presumably birds, northern Europe throughout summer 2021 to cause some outbreaks that are part most autumn/winter epizootic, or (ii) further variants...
We report a disease and mortality event involving swans, seals, fox at wildlife rehabilitation center in the United Kingdom during late 2020. Five swans had onset of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection while captivity. Subsequently, 5 seals died (or were euthanized) after clinical disease. Avian-origin A subtype H5N8 was retrospectively determined as cause Infection manifested seizures, immunohistochemical molecular testing on postmortem samples detected neurologic distribution...
Since 2020, the United Kingdom and Europe have experienced annual epizootics of high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV). The first epizootic, during autumn/winter 2020-2021, involved six H5Nx subtypes, although H5N8 HPAIV dominated in Kingdom. While genetic assessments HPAIVs within demonstrated relative homogeneity, there was a background other genotypes circulating at lower degree with different neuraminidase internal genes. Following small number detections H5N1 wild birds over...
Since October 2021, Europe has experienced the largest avian influenza virus (AIV) epizootic, caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV), with over 284 poultry infected premises (IPs) and 2480 dead H5N1-positive wild birds detected in Great Britain alone. Many IPs have presented as geographical clusters, raising questions about lateral spread between airborne particles. Airborne transmission short distances been observed for some strains. However, risk of this strain...
The profiles of virus production and excretion have been established for sheep experimentally infected with the UK 2001 strain foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) by inoculation direct intensive contact. Virus replicated rapidly in inoculated sheep, from which a peak infectivity airborne 10 4·3 TCID 50 per 24 h was recovered. Around later, contact-infected excreted maximally. Similar amounts were recovered cattle. under these conditions fell into three phases. First, highly infectious period around...
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious avian
Europe has suffered unprecedented epizootics of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 since Autumn 2021. As well as impacting upon commercial and wild species, the virus also infected mammalian species more than ever observed previously. Mammalian involved in spill over events have primarily been scavenging terrestrial carnivores farmed although marine mammals affected. Alongside reports detections found dead through different surveillance schemes, several mass...
Abstract Emerging infectious diseases are of major concern to animal and human health. Recent emergence high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) (H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b) led substantial global mortality across a range host species. Co-occurring species showed marked differences in mortality, generating an urgent need for better epidemiological understanding within affected populations. We therefore tested antibodies, indicative previous exposure recovery, active viral infection...
Surveillance of influenza A viruses in pigs (SwIAV) is critical for identification novel genetic groups that pose a risk to pig health and might have zoonotic potential. SwIAVs circulating England between 2014 2021 were characterised using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Haemagglutinin (HA) neuraminidase (NA) data from 82 368 positive samples (71 submissions) determined, identifying H1N1 H1N2 subtypes the 1A classical swine 1B human-seasonal lineages respectively. The lineage predominant,...
Since early 2014, several outbreaks involving novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) viruses have been detected in poultry and wild bird species Asia, Europe North America. These apparently healthy dead migratory birds, as well domestic chickens, turkeys, geese ducks. In this study, we describe the pathology of an outbreak H5N8 HPAIV breeder ducks UK. A holding with approximately 6000 ducks, aged 60 weeks, showed a gradual reduction egg production increased...
The current highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 panzootic is having substantial impacts on wild birds and marine mammals. Following major widespread outbreaks in South America, an incursion to Antarctica occurred late the austral summer of 2023/2024 was confined region Antarctic Peninsula. To infer potential underlying processes, we compiled surveillance data from sub-Antarctic Islands prior first confirmed cases.
Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7 are capable of mutating from low to high pathogenicity strains, causing mortality in poultry with significant economic losses globally. During 2015, two outbreaks H7N7 AIV (LPAIV) Germany, one each the United Kingdom (UK) The Netherlands occurred, as well single (HPAIV) Germany UK. Both HPAIV were linked precursor LPAIV on same or adjacent premises. Herein, we describe clinical, epidemiological, virological investigations for UK outbreak a farm...
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), an economically important of cloven-hoofed animals, is endemic in Pakistan where three virus serotypes are present (O, A and Asia 1). Fifty-eight clinical samples collected between 2005 2008 from animals with suspected FMD various locations were subjected to isolation on primary cell culture, antigen ELISA real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). Viruses isolated 32 these identified as FMDV type O (n = 31) or (FMDV) genome was detected a further 11 by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic...
ABSTRACT Since October 2021, Europe has experienced the largest avian influenza virus (AIV) epizootic, caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV), with over 320 poultry and captive bird infected premises (IPs) 2480 dead positive wild birds detected in Great Britain alone. Many IPs have been as geographical clusters, raising questions around potential lateral spread between airborne particles. Airborne transmission short distances reported for some AIVs strains. However,...