Although perovskite X-ray detectors have revealed promising properties, their dark currents are usually hundreds of times larger than the practical requirements. Here, we report a detector architecture with unique shunting electrode working as blanking unit to suppress current, and it theoretically can be reduced zero. We experimentally fabricate dark-current-shunting detector, which exhibits record-low current 51.1 fA at 5 V mm-1, detection limit 7.84 nGyair s-1, sensitivity 1.3 × 104 μC...

Bound states of solitons ("molecules") occur in various settings, playing an important role the operation fiber lasers, optical emulation, encoding, and communications. Soliton interactions are generally related to breathing dynamics nonlinear dissipative systems, maintain potential applications spectroscopy. In present work, dichromatic breather molecules (DBMs) created a synchronized mode-locked laser. Real-time delay-shifting interference spectra measured display temporal evolution DBMs,...

The size of the dark focal spot directly determines resolution and stability stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. This paper investigates relationship between polarization input light beam. types fundamental are discussed, their effects on compared optimized mode for each kind is proposed. results analysis provide theoretical basis reference designing a STED system.

We experimentally demonstrated that the microsphere can discern details of object whose sizes are below conventional diffractive limit and such super-resolution capability be reinforced if semi-immersing corresponding microspheres in liquid droplet, producing a sharper contrast comparatively smaller magnification factor. The is considered as channel connects near-field evanescent wave transmission one far field. A conjecture based on this proposed to explain mechanism phenomenon.

We propose a novel physical mechanism for breaking the diffraction barrier in far field. Termed fluorescence emission difference microscopy (FED), our approach is based on intensity between two differently acquired images. When saturation applied, resolving ability of FED can be further enhanced. A detailed theoretical analysis and series simulation tests are performed. The validity practical use demonstrated by experiments fluorescent nanoparticles biological cells which spatial resolution...

Conventional energy-integration black-white X-ray imaging lacks the spectral information of photons. Although spectra (energy) can be distinguished by photon-counting technique typically with CdZnTe detectors, it is very challenging to applied large-area flat-panel (FPXI). Herein, multilayer stacked scintillators different absorption capabilities and scintillation are designed; in this scenario, energy discriminated detecting emission each scintillator; therefore, multispectral easily...

Mask-free multi-photon lithography enables the fabrication of arbitrary nanostructures low cost and more accessible than conventional lithography. A major challenge for is to achieve ultra-high precision desirable lateral resolution due inevitable optical diffraction barrier proximity effect. Here, we show a strategy, light matter co-confined lithography, overcome issues via combining photo-inhibition chemical quenchers. We deeply explore quenching mechanism photoinhibition multiphoton...

The resolution of conventional optical equipment is always restricted by the diffraction limit, and improving on this was previously considered improbable. Optical super-resolution imaging, which has recently experienced rapid growth attracted increasing global interest, will result in applications many domains, benefiting fields such as biology, medicine material research. This review discusses contributions different researchers who identified diffractive barrier attempted to realize...

Sensitivity of the amplitude and phase measurements in interferometric microscopy is influenced by factors such as instrument design environmental interferences. Through development a theoretical framework followed experimental validation, we show photon shot noise often limiting factor measurements. Thereafter, demonstrate how state-of-the-art camera with million-level electrons full well capacity can significantly reduce contribution resulting stability optical path length down to few...

Here we demonstrate an active method which pioneers in utilizing a combination of spatial frequency shift and Stokes to enable wide-field far-field subdiffraction imaging. A fluorescent nanowire ring acts as localized source is combined with film waveguide produce omnidirectional illuminating evanescent waves. Benefitting from the high wave vector illumination, frequencies object can be shifted passband conventional imaging system, contributing subwavelength information image. structure...

A novel method is proposed for generating sharper fluorescent super-resolution spot by azimuthally polarized beam in stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. The incoherent superposition of with five-zone binary phase plate and the same quadrant 0/πphase can yield a tightly focused doughnut surrounded completely uniformly. And modulated vortex 0-2π works as pump beam. Compared known effective excitation yielded circular STED beam, result shaper, well energy-saving, costing only ~50%...

Surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) with single-direction illumination is a powerful platform for biomedical imaging because of its wide-field, label-free, and high-surface-sensitivity capabilities. However, two disadvantages prevent wider use SPRM. The first poor spatial resolution that can be as large several micrometers. second SPRM requires metal films sample substrates; this introduces working wavelength limitations. In addition, cell culture growth on not universally available...

For decades, photoinhibited two-photon lithography (PI-TPL) has been continually developed and applied into versatile nanofabrication. However, ultrahigh precision fabrication on wafer by PI-TPL remains challenging, due to the lack of a refractive index (n) matched photoresist (Rim-P) with effective photoinhibition capacity for dip-in mode. In this paper, various Rim-P are then screened their applications in PI-TPL. addition, different methods (in terms oil-mode mode) analyzed use optical...

Ketocoumarins are attractive and distinct photosensitizers due to their high molar extinction coefficients, intersystem crossing photochemical stability. As a classic commercial ketocoumarin-based two-photon initiator, 7-diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC) was widely used in lithography. However, the large fluorescence quantum yield low absorption cross section value greatly limit its application high-throughput nanofabrication. In this work, series of DETC derivatives were developed by...

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a powerful technique for super-resolution (SR) image reconstruction. However, conventional SIM methods require high-contrast patterns, which necessitate precision optics and highly stable light sources. To overcome these challenges, we propose new method called contrast-robust structured (CR-SIM). CR-SIM employs deep residual neural network to enhance the quality of imaging, particularly in scenarios involving low-contrast stripes. The key...

Observing subcellular structural dynamics in living cells has become the goal of super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopy. Among typical SRM techniques, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) stands out for its fast imaging speed and low photobleaching. However, 2D-SIM requires nine raw images to obtain a SR image, leading undesirable artifacts live-cell imaging. In this paper, we propose single-frame (SF-SIM) method based on deep learning that achieves using only single image...

We propose an approach that uses a conventional optical microscope to achieve super-resolution. This will provide direct, non-invasive, and far-field access in the observation of both metallic non-metallic objects with spatial resolution tens-of-nanometres, achieved single snap shot. method, combines near-field illumination by micro-fiber passive frequency shift sample itself, offering promising surface tomography imaging without localized field enhancement plasmon polaritons. Our results...

Imaging and tracking of near-surface three-dimensional volumetric nanoscale dynamic processes live cells remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose multi-color live-cell near-surface-volume super-resolution microscopy method that combines total internal reflection fluorescence structured illumination with multi-angle evanescent light illumination. We demonstrate our approach interference is perfectly adapted to studying subcellular dynamics mitochondria microtubule...

Abstract Optical microscopy is a powerful tool for understanding the fundamentals of microscopic world. However, centuries its resolving ability remained limited by optical diffraction limit. Super‐resolution fluorescence (SRFM) has been introduced to break limit and significantly expand fields in which can be applied. Unfortunately, SRFM contributes little towards axial resolution enhancement, rendering observation three‐dimensional structures biological tissues difficult; this may yield...

Abstract Advances in direct laser writing to attain super-resolution are required improve fabrication performance and develop potential applications for nanophotonics. In this study, a novel technique using single-color peripheral photoinhibition lithography was developed the resolution of while preventing chromatic aberration characteristics conventional multicolor lithography, thus offering robust tool fabricating 2D 3D nanophotonic structures. A minimal feature size 36 nm 140 were...

Abstract As the most fundamental unit of photonic integration, optical waveguides offer possibility developing efficient and practical chips by facilitating on‐chip integration devices with different functions. Femtosecond direct laser writing (FsDLW), as a burgeoning 3D microfabrication technology, can realize rapid formation arbitrary without any mask inside versatile materials, such crystalline dielectric crystals, glasses, polymers, photoresists. This significant material‐independence...

Super-resolution microscopy has broken the traditional resolution barrier of optical microscopy. However, its application in imaging live and thick specimens been limited. To date, sectioning super-resolution either rely on inaccurate background estimation or hindered live-cell by excessive complexity cost. Here, we report spatial phasor image scanning (spISM), which aims to enhance a factor ∼2 without drawbacks for any microscope equipped with detector array. By incorporating spatial-domain...