A5041107881- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Global Health and Surgery
- Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Race, Genetics, and Society
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
1992-2024
Biomedical Research and Training Institute
2023-2024
Faculty of Public Health
2024
University of London
2022
Durham University
2017-2018
University of Cape Town
2012
Metropolitan Police Service
2012
Commonwealth Fund
1991
As concerns about the prevalence of infections that are resistant to available antibiotics increase, attention has turned toward use these medicines both within and outside formal healthcare settings. Much what is known beyond settings informed by survey-based research. Few studies date have used comparative, mixed-methods approaches render visible patterns between as well wider points context shaping patterns.This article analyses findings from anthropological antibiotic in a range rural...
Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) continue to experience a high burden of infectious diseases disparities in access use antimicrobials, yet data on antibiotic prescribing outpatient settings, where the majority global prescriptions occur, remain scarce. The objective this study is provide diagnoses among primary care patients Harare, Zimbabwe. We conducted retrospective medical records from eight clinics Clinics were selected based population they served availability records. Patient...
Understanding the prevalence and types of antibiotics used in a given human and/or animal population is important for informing stewardship strategies. Methods to capture such data often rely on verbal elicitation reported use that tend assume shared medical terminology. Studies have shown category 'antibiotic' does not translate well linguistically or conceptually, which limits accuracy these reports. This article presents 'Drug Bag' method study antibiotic (ABU) households farms, involves...
Rising concerns around antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have led to a renewed push rationalise antibiotic prescribing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is increasing unease conceptualising use as individuals behaving '(ir)rationally' recognition that rising emergent of contributing wider economic political challenges. But between these individual societal 'drivers' an everyday articulation care through substances, written-in the scripts, delivery chains pedagogics global...
Understanding memory performance under different operational conditions is critical in many occupational settings. To examine the effect of physical exertion on for a witnessed event, we placed two groups law-enforcement officers live, occupationally relevant scenario. One group had previously completed high-intensity physical-assault exercise, and other not. Participants who assault exercise showed impaired recall recognition compared with control group. Specifically, they provided...
BackgroundVaccines prevent infections and could subsequently reduce antimicrobial use. A 1-week mass vaccination campaign was done with Typbar-TCV (Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad, India) between Feb 25 March 4, 2019. We investigated whether this typhoid conjugate vaccine affect prescribing in children presenting to primary care Harare, Zimbabwe.MethodsIn mixed methods study, data for acute paediatric outpatient consultations Jan 1, 2018, 31, 2020, were collected from five clinics Harare....
Households affected by tuberculosis have syndemic vulnerability, reflecting a concentration of and interactions between multiple biomedical, psychosocial, structural determinants health. Traditional approaches to screening do not address pre-existing risks, such as undernutrition other chronic conditions, or the indirect effects tuberculosis, loss livelihood. These risks consequences only perpetuate global epidemic but, for those affected, lead poor health deepen poverty. We propose...
Drug resistant infections are increasing across the world and urgent action is required to preserve current classes of antibiotics. Antibiotic use practices in low-and-middle-income countries have gained international attention, especially as antibiotics often accessed beyond formal health system. Public awareness campaigns popularity, conceptualising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) a problem excess, precipitated by irrational behaviour. Insufficient attention has been paid people’s lived...
The diminishing effectiveness of antimicrobials raises serious concerns for human health. While policy makers grapple to reduce the overuse antimicrobial medicines stem rise resistance, insufficient attention has been paid how this applies low-resource contexts. We provide an in-depth portrayal prescribing at primary health care level in rural Chikwawa District, Malawi. Ethnographic fieldwork took place over 18 months (2018–2020). surveyed 22 facilities district, observed 1348 worker-patient...
Multimorbidity is an emerging challenge for health systems globally. It commonly defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in one person, but its meaning remains a lively area academic debate, and utility concept beyond high-income settings uncertain. This article presents findings from interdisciplinary research initiative that drew together 60 applied partners working 10 African countries to answer questions: how useful multimorbidity within Africa? Can be adapted...
<ns3:p>As life expectancies rise globally, the number of people living with multiple chronic health conditions – commonly referred to as ‘multimorbidity’ is rising. Multimorbidity has been recognised especially challenging respond in countries whose systems are under-funded, fragmented, and designed primarily for acute care, including sub-Saharan Africa. A growing body research Africa sought better understand particular challenges multimorbidity poses region develop context-sensitive...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to public health. Use of antibiotics, particularly in contexts where weaker regulatory frameworks make informal access easier, has been identified as an important driver AMR. However, knowledge limited about the ways antibiotics are used communities Malawi and sub-Saharan Africa. Between April July 2021, we undertook cross-sectional survey community antibiotic use practices Blantyre, Malawi. We selected two densely-populated...
The advent of antibiotics transformed the global public health landscape, dramatically improving outcomes. Drawing on historical and ethnographic research sex work in Zimbabwe, we examine role management sexually transmitted infections among workers, from punitive colonial approaches to "empowerment"-based discourses. We illustrate how programs for while valued by these women, are narrow, exclusionary, enact a pharmaceuticalized form governance that hangs efficacy antibiotics. With...
During ethnographic research at a tuberculosis vaccine trial site in South Africa, participants often evoked the idiom of "clean blood." In this article, we illustrate how trials enacted form moral triage which "objective" bioscientific knowledge and subjectivity were coproduced. Participation created possibilities to demonstrate healthiness, respectability, godliness context where positive self-imaginings hard won, but could also lead dejection shame. We suggest that struggles be recognized...
<ns4:p>Background</ns4:p><ns4:p> Overuse of antibiotics is one the main drivers for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, most are prescribed in outpatient setting. This survey aimed to explore attitudes and practices with regards microbiology tests, AMR antibiotic prescribing among healthcare providers at public primary health clinics Harare, Zimbabwe.</ns4:p><ns4:p> Methods</ns4:p><ns4:p> cross-sectional was conducted nine located low-income suburbs Harare between October December...
Abstract Multimorbidity is an emerging challenge for healthcare systems globally. It commonly defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in one person, but suitability and utility this concept beyond high-income settings uncertain. This article presents findings from interdisciplinary research initiative that drew together 60 academic applied partners working 10 African countries to critically consider existing concepts definitions multimorbidity, evaluate their...
With COVID-19 no longer categorized as a public health emergency of international concern, vaccination strategies and priority groups for have evolved. Africa Centres Diseases Prevention Control proposed the ‘100-100-70%’ strategy which aims to vaccinate all healthcare workers, vulnerable groups, 70% general population. Understanding whether workers were reached during previous campaigns what can be done address concerns, anxieties, other influences on vaccine uptake, will important...
Although access to healthcare has improved since South Africa's democratic transition, neoliberal reforms have had detrimental effects on clinic-community and nurse-patient relationships, undermining efforts control tuberculosis (TB). This article focuses upon the work of nurses in three public health clinics Western Cape, Africa. We explore how they experienced, made sense grappled with challenges TB control, especially patients "defaulting" medication. Paying particular attention...
Rising concerns about antimicrobial resistance have sparked a renewed push to rationalise and ration the use of medicines. This article explores case Integrated Management Childhood Illness (IMCI) guideline, periodically updated ‘global’ algorithm that shapes normalises centrality medicines care in low- middle-income countries and, increasingly, imperative them. Using ‘classification work’ as analytic frame, we firstly consider IMCI blueprint for global health classifies illnesses, patients,...
The mass production of antibiotics in the 1940s enabled their travel beyond Europe and America, but to date significance ways which these medicines co-constituted colonial regimes at time has not been systematically described. Through a case study yaws syphilis, this research article traces arrivals three countries Eastern Africa—Malawi, Zimbabwe, Uganda. We draw attention emergent roles intersection governance humanitarianism different settings. analysis archival ethnographic materials, we...