Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) occur frequently after surgery, especially in aged patients. Surgery-induced neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction play a crucial role the pathogenesis of PND. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) increases surgical stress will be involved BBB dysfunction. However, effect IL-17A on function during PND remains poorly understood.Male wild-type C57BL/6J mice (15 months old) received tibial fracture surgery fixation to establish model. All...

Long-term use of morphine induces analgesic tolerance, which limits its clinical efficacy. Evidence indicated morphine-evoked neuroinflammation mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) - NOD-like protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was important for tolerance. In our study, we investigated whether other existing alternative pathways caused morphine-induced activation TLR4 in microglia. We focused on heat shock 70 (HSP70), a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), released from various cells...

Background: Microglia activation mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in neuroinflammation and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been recently suggested as independent risk factor for POCD. In this study, we investigate the potential exacerbation of inflammatory response primary microglia due to high glucose conditions. Methods: Primary microglial cells were exposed normal (25 mmol/L) (35 levels alone or with lipopolyscaccharide...

The ras oncogene product p21ras requires farnesylation and subsequent plasma membrane association for its transforming activity. This key post-translational modification is catalyzed by farnesyltransferase, which transfers farnesyl from farnesylpyrophosphate to the cysteine of CA1A2X carboxyl-terminal tetrapeptide p21ras. In present report, we describe potent inhibition farnesyltransferase peptidomimetics containing no peptidic amide bonds. We synthesized a series analogues where 2 aliphatic...

Appropriate postoperative pain management can improve outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer (EC).To compare different combinations of anesthesia and analgesia techniques EC undergoing open thoracotomy.This randomized, controlled, open-label trial enrolled 100 (aged 40-65 years; American Society Anesthesiologists [ASA] grade I/II) receiving elective surgery at Jiangsu Province Hospital (China) between July 2016 December 2017. Patients were randomized to 4 groups (n = 25 per group):...

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is defined as new impairment (memory and impaired performance) after surgery, especially in aged patients. Sleep disturbance a common phenomenon before surgery that has been increasingly thought to affect patient recovery. However, little known about the functional impact of preoperative sleep on POCD. Here, we showed tibial fracture induced deficit production proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) IL-1 β , along with microglia astrocyte...

Astrocytes, the major glial cell type that has been increasingly recognized as contributing to neuroinflammation, are critical in occurrence and development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Although emerging evidence showed brain mast cells (MCs) "first responders" little is known about functional communication between MCs astrocytes.In this study, we investigated potential regulation astrocyte activation by MCs. Rats received an intracerebroventricular injection Cromolyn (an...

Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) has been demonstrated to significantly reduce stress and immune dysfunction in trauma patients. In esophageal carcinoma patients undergoing thoracic surgery, TEA combined with general during surgery subsequent postoperative patient‑controlled analgesia (PCEA) may improve plasma cortisol (Cor), interleukin (IL)-6 IL-17 levels helper T‑cell differentiation. A total of 60 were randomly allocated into groups I, II, III I (n=15 per group). During II received...

Recent research has revealed that uncontrolled chronic neuroinflammation is closely associated with diverse neurodegenerative diseases, by impairing blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and astrocytic reaction. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conventionally linked to the loss of neuronal structure should be widely attenuated. This notion been questioned recent experimental studies, which have shown nonharmful levels ER had numerous beneficial roles against neurodegeneration, including...

Fentanyl-induced cough is not an uncommon condition during the induction of general anesthesia. A preliminary randomized controlled study was designed to observe effects different priming doses propofol on fentanyl-induced anesthesia induction. total 120 patients were into 4 groups (n = 30) receive intravenous injection intralipid (group I), 1 mg·kg-1 II), 1.5 III), or 2 IV) minute before a bolus fentanyl 2.5 µg·kg-1. The occurrence and severity recorded for minutes after bolus. graded as...

The current study aimed to compare the effects between remimazolam and propofol on hemodynamic stability during induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients. We used at a rate 60 mg/(kg·h) group (group P) or 6 R) for induction. A processed electroencephalogram was determine whether successful when stop infusion drug. measured patients entered operating room (T

Myoclonic movements are common problems during induction of anaesthesia with etomidate. The myoclonus occurring after etomidate administration may represent a form seizure. Agonistic modulation the κ opiate receptor reduce seizures, and butorphanol acts in such manner. aim this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to test our hypothesis that pre-treatment might incidence severity induced by etomidate.Patients (108) American Society Anaesthesiologists physical...

Summary Aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, has shown potent ability to attenuate hypertension. Our previous research found that aliskiren protected against myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury and enhanced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, whether the cardioprotective effect I/R was eNOS‐dependent is unknown. In present study, 12‐week‐old male eNOS knockout (eNOS −/− ) wild‐type C57BL/6J mice (WT) were orally...

Background: Lung resection and one lung ventilation (OLV) during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) may lead to acute injury. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α 2 adrenergic receptor agonist, improves arterial oxygenation in adult patients undergoing thoracic surgery. The aim of this pilot study was explore possible mechanism related protection DEX VATS. Patients Methods: Seventy-four scheduled for VATS were enrolled study. Three timepoints (before anesthesia induction (T 0...

Unmethylated CpG DNA, as a stimulatory molecule, has potent pro-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system (CNS). Dexmedetomidine (DEX) been confirmed to exert anti-inflammatory CNS. Our study was aimed explore of DEX on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression unmethylated DNA-challenged microglia. In vivo, after 3 d intracisternal injection ODN1668, we evaluated severity meningitis with or without via pathobiology method and detected TNF-α from molecular protein levels. vitro,...