A5009627739- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Hearing Impairment and Communication
- Gut microbiota and health
- Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Noise Effects and Management
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Brain Metastases and Treatment
- Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
- Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Barwon Health
2024
King's College London
2015-2024
Guy's Hospital
2017-2024
University of Kentucky HealthCare
2023-2024
King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
2023
Albert B. Chandler Hospital
2023
Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University
2023
Suffolk University
2021-2022
King's College Hospital
2016-2022
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
2013-2021
Cyber bullying is the use of technology as a medium to bully someone. Although it has been an issue for many years, recognition its impact on young people recently increased. Social networking sites provide fertile bullies, and teens adults who these are vulnerable attacks. Through machine learning, we can detect language patterns used by bullies their victims, develop rules automatically cyber content. The data our project was collected from website Formspring.me, question-and-answer...
Rifaximin-α is efficacious for the prevention of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but its mechanism action remains unclear. We postulated that rifaximin-α reduces gut microbiota-derived endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, a known driver HE.
The relationship between language and executive function (EF) their development in children have been the focus of recent debate are theoretical clinical importance. Exploration these functions with a peripheral hearing loss has potential to be informative from both perspectives. This study compared EF skills 8- 12-year-old cochlear implants (n = 22) nonimplanted deaf 25) those age-matched controls 22). Implanted performed below level on tests assessing oral receptive language, as well...
Objective Targeting bacterial translocation in cirrhosis is limited to antibiotics with risk of antimicrobial resistance. This study explored the therapeutic potential a non-absorbable, gut-restricted, engineered carbon bead adsorbent, Yaq-001 models and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and, its safety tolerability clinical trial cirrhosis. Design Performance was evaluated vitro . Two-rat ACLF, (4 weeks, bile duct ligation or without lipopolysaccharide), receiving for 2 weeks; two-mouse...
Hearing impairment has been associated with cognitive deficits. It is not yet clear whether cochlear implants enable children to reduce or overcome these This study examined hearing impaired differed from without children. The three age-matched groups were compared on a non-verbal measure of cognition, the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (LIPS-R), and behaviour, Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Apart their scores Attention Sustained Subtest LIPS-R, performance implanted group...
Theory of Mind-the understanding that people have thoughts, wants, and beliefs influence their interpersonal behavior-is an aspect social cognition develops with consistent, increasing complexity across age groups, languages, cultures. Observed delays in theory mind development among deaf children others has led to a conversational account its terms the nature amount communication experienced by directly (conversationally) indirectly (via overhearing). The present study explored young adults...
•The gut micro-environment in cirrhosis primes mucosal and systemic immune responses.•Gut inflammation is challenging to study with a paucity of targeted assays.•Exacerbated responses barrier damage occur acutely decompensated cirrhosis.•Gut cytokine profiles acute decompensation have very different patterns innate-like inflammation.•Upregulation faecal T cell-mediated type 1 17 effector cytokines occurs AD.•Faecal markers accurately differentiate between stable AD. Background & AimsGut...
Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a progressive condition that, in its advanced stages, leads to cirrhosis with related clinical complications, and can lead acute-on-chronic failure (ACLF) - syndrome marked by critical illness, multi-organ dysfunction high mortality. Systemic inflammation ACLF occur without overt infection, indicating alternative pathways of immune activation microbial translocation. Intestinal perturbations, bacterial translocation, the resulting systemic are...
Mood congruity effects in induced mood states and affective disorders are well established. Recent evidence suggests that a similar process occurs chronic pain patients, although the extent to which memory bias is consequence of or sensory state subject this group unknown. In study selective for pain‐related information was investigated depressed non‐depressed patients psychiatric patients. A recall test comprising sensory, neutral adjectives matched frequency followed by recognition task,...
Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite significant health burden this infection presents, molecular understanding C. jejuni-mediated disease pathogenesis remains poorly defined. Here, we report characterisation early, innate immune response to using an ex-vivo human gut model infection. Secondly, impact bacterial-driven dendritic cell activation on T-cell mediated immunity was also sought.Healthy, control paediatric terminal ileum or...
Measures of attention have been found to correlate with specific auditory processing tests in samples children suspected Auditory Processing Disorder (APD), but these relationships not adequately investigated. Despite evidence linking and deficits/ symptoms APD, measures are routinely used APD diagnostic protocols. The aim the study was examine relationship between visual assess whether a proposed protocol for including attention, could provide useful information management. A pilot...
The apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, the agent of cryptosporidiosis, primarily infects and reproduces in enterocytes. Interferon (IFN)-gamma is important for early control infection acts directly on enterocytes to inhibit development, although complete inhibition not obtained. Addressing this latter observation, an investigation was made modulatory effect C. parvum IFN-gamma-dependent enterocyte gene expression. Initial studies showed that IFN-gamma-induced expression...
Background Enteropathogenic (EPEC) and Enteroaggregative (EAEC) E. coli have similar, but distinct clinical symptoms modes of pathogenesis. Nevertheless when they infect the gastrointestinal tract, it is thought that their flagellin causes IL-8 release leading to neutrophil recruitment gastroenteritis. However, this may not be whole story as effect bacterial adherence IEC innate response(s) remains unclear. Therefore, we characterized which motifs contribute epithelial response EPEC EAEC,...
Although the importance of alveolar macrophages for host immunity during early Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection is well established, contribution and relative other innate mechanisms bacterial factors are less clear. We have used a murine model S. with wild-type, unencapsulated, para-amino benzoic acid auxotroph mutant TIGR4 strains to assess effects inoculum size, replication, capsule, macrophage-dependent -independent clearance on persistence within lungs. Alveolar (calculated...
Background: Cardiac transplantation is an excellent treatment for end-stage heart disease. However, rejection of the donor graft, in particular, by chronic leading to cardiac allograft vasculopathy, remains a major cause graft loss. The lymphatic system plays crucial role alloimmune response, facilitating trafficking antigen-presenting cells draining lymph nodes. encounter with T lymphocytes secondary lymphoid organs essential initiation alloimmunity. Donor vessels are not anastomosed that...
The human gut microbiota is of increasing interest, with metagenomics a key tool for analyzing bacterial diversity and functionality in health disease. Despite efforts to expand microbial gene catalogs an number metagenome-assembled genomes, there have been few pan-metagenomic association studies in-depth functional analyses across different geographies diseases. Here, we explored 6014 metagenome samples 19 countries 23 diseases by performing compositional, cluster, integrative analyses....
The extent to which cognitive development and abilities are dependent on language remains controversial. In this study, the analogical reasoning skills of deaf hard hearing children explored. Two groups (deaf with either cochlear implants or aids children) completed tests verbal spatial reasoning. Their vocabulary grammar were also assessed provide a measure attainment. Results indicated significant differences between (regardless type device) their peers vocabulary, grammar, tests....
Although empyema affects more than 65,000 people each year in the United States and Kingdom, there are limited data on pathogenesis of pleural infection. We investigated using animal cell culture models Streptococcus pneumoniae The pathological processes during development associated with murine pneumonia due to S. (strain D39) were investigated. Lungs examined histology, fluid blood bacterial colony-forming units, cytokine levels, cellular infiltrate determined over time. Bacterial...
Enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus may cause severe inflammatory intestinal disease, particularly in infants or immunodeficient elderly patients. They are also recognized to be associated with sudden infant death syndrome. Little is known, however, about mucosal responses staphylococci.The lesion three staphylococcal enterocolitis was assessed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The organisms underwent extensive molecular analysis. Their toxins were for capacity induce...