A5051495174- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Gut microbiota and health
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Botanical Research and Chemistry
- Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
- Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Food composition and properties
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Pasture and Agricultural Systems
- Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Odor and Emission Control Technologies
Agriculture and Food
2015-2025
The University of Queensland
2015-2025
Queensland Health
2020-2025
Department of Primary Industries
2017-2023
ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture
2012-2020
AgriBio
2012-2016
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
2013-2016
Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies
2008-2012
University of New England
2001-2008
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
1989
Rumen microbiome biology gets a boost with the release of 410 high-quality reference genomes from Hungate1000 project. Productivity ruminant livestock depends on rumen microbiota, which ferment indigestible plant polysaccharides into nutrients used for growth. Understanding functions carried out by microbiota is important reducing greenhouse gas production ruminants and developing biofuels lignocellulose. We present cultured bacteria archaea, together their genomes, representing every...
To determine whether Megasphaera elsdenii YE34 (lactic acid degrader) and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens YE44 (alternative starch utilizer to Streptococcus bovis) establish viable populations in the rumen of beef cattle rapidly changed from a forage-based grain-based diet.Five steers were inoculated with two bacterial strains (YE34 YE44) five served as uninoculated controls. With exception one animal control group, which developed acidosis, all adapted diet without signs acidosis (pH decline...
Summary Ruminococcus bromii is a dominant member of the human colonic microbiota that plays ‘keystone’ role in degrading dietary resistant starch. Recent evidence from one strain has uncovered unique cell surface ‘amylosome’ complex organizes starch‐degrading enzymes. New genome analysis presented here reveals further features this and shows remarkable conservation amylosome components between strains three different continents R. rumen Australian cattle. These encode narrow spectrum...
ABSTRACT The ecology of the uncultured, but large and morphologically conspicuous, rumen bacterium Oscillospira spp. was studied. Oscillospira- specific 16S rRNA gene sequences were detected in North American domestic cattle, sheep from Australia Japan, Norwegian reindeer. Phylogenetic analysis obtained allowed definition three operational taxonomic units within clade. Consistent with this genetic diversity, we observed atypical smaller morphotypes by using an fluorescence situ hybridization...
ABSTRACT Pasture-grazed dairy cows, deer, and sheep were tested for the presence of ammonia-hyperproducing (HAP) bacteria in roll tubes containing a medium which tryptone Casamino Acids sole nitrogen energy sources. Colonies able to grow on this represented 5.2, 1.3, 11.6% total bacterial counts sheep, respectively. A 14 morphologically distinct colonies purified studied further. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms 16S rRNA genes indicated that all isolates differed from previously...
Aims: To develop a real‐time Taq nuclease assay (TNA) to enable the in vivo enumeration of Megasphaera elsdenii. Methods and Results: elsdenii YE34 was phenotypically characteristic species had 16S rDNA sequence similarity 98% previously described isolates. Calibration number cells M. against cycle threshold fluorescent dye release gave straight‐line relationship with correlation coefficient approximating unity. The specificity for confirmed by performing it panel 24 heterogenous, mainly...
ABSTRACT A genetic transformation system with similarities to those reported for gram-negative bacteria was found be associated membrane vesicles of the ruminal cellulolytic genus Ruminococcus. Double-stranded DNA recovered from subcellular particulate fraction all ruminococci examined. Electron microscopy revealed that only particles present resembled vesicles. The likelihood (also known contain cellulosomes) further supported by adherence cellulose powder added culture filtrates....
The probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 increased weight gain, nitrogen retention and feed intake in ruminants when administered to the diet. This study aims develop a better understanding of this effect by analysing changes rumen prokaryotic community.Sequencing 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons microbiome, revealed that ewes fed had significantly different microbial community structure Control sheep. In contrast, dairy calves showed no significant differences between treatment groups. both...
Pimelea poisoning of cattle is caused by the toxin simplexin present in native plant species. Surface weathering and burial material under soil Pimelea-infested pastures previously showed degradation, suggesting microbial metabolism and/or abiotic degradation field. This current study investigated whether from a paddock was capable laboratory. The effects temperature on isolated levels treated with field-collected soil, acid-washed sand or bentonite were determined. incubated at 22 °C for...
Aims: To identify dominant bacteria in grain (barley)-fed cattle for isolation and future use to increase the efficiency of starch utilization these cattle. Methods Results: Total DNA was extracted from samples rumen contents eight steers fed a barley diet 9 14 days. Bacterial profiles were obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) PCR-amplified V2/V3 region 16S rRNA genes total bacterial DNA. Apparently bands excised cloned, clone insert sequence determined. One most...
The rumen is known to harbour dense populations of bacteriophages (phages) predicted be capable infecting a diverse range bacteria. While bacterial genome sequencing projects are revealing the presence phages which can integrate their DNA into host form stable, lysogenic associations, little genetics utilise lytic replication. These infect and replicate within host, culminating in lysis release progeny phage particles. for bacteria have been previously isolated, genomes remained largely...
Sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics as a growth promoter in animal diets has either been banned or voluntarily withdrawn from many countries to help curb the emergence antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Probiotics may be an alternative promoter. We investigated effects novel probiotic strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 (H57) on performance and microbiome-associated metabolic potential.Broiler chickens were fed sorghum- wheat-based supplemented with H57. The rate, feed intake, conversion...
Twenty macropods from five locations in Queensland, Australia, grazing on a variety of native pastures were surveyed and the bacterial community foregut was examined using 454-amplicon pyrosequencing. Specifically, V3/V4 region 16S rRNA gene examined. A total 5040 OTUs identified data set (post filtering). Thirty-two as 'shared' OTUS (i.e. present all samples) belonging to either Firmicutes or Bacteroidetes (Clostridiales/Bacteroidales). These phyla predominated general microbial macropods....
The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, is a hindgut-fermenting herbivore. In winter, manatees migrate to warm water overwintering sites where they undergo dietary shifts and may suffer from cold-induced stress. Given these seasonally induced changes in diet, the present study aimed examine variation hindgut bacterial communities of wild at Crystal River, west Florida. Faeces were sampled 36 known sex body size early winter when newly arrived then mid-winter late diet had...
The leguminous shrub Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) iswidely used as a forage species for cattle in tropical agriculture. However,leucaena contains the toxic amino acid mimosine. Both mimosine and its primaryruminal degradation product 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (DHP) are theiraccumulation animal’s system results hair loss, reducedliveweight gain, goitre. ruminal bacteriumngle cultivar bywithholding water. In Expt 2, plants of EP MK were grown together thesame container received water daily...
Reductive acetogenesis is an alternative to methanogenesis for removing hydrogen produced during enteric fermentation. In Australia, kangaroos have evolved enlarged forestomach analogous the rumen of sheep and cattle. However, unlike cattle, produce very little methane from From samples gut contents five eastern grey three red kangaroos, we were not able detect methanogens using a PCR protocol, but did formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene (likely be used reductive acetogenesis) in...
Methane emissions from ruminant livestock represent a loss of carbon during feed conversion, which has implications for both animal productivity and the environment because this gas is considered to be one more potent forms greenhouses gases contributing global warming. Many strategies reduce are targeting methanogens that inhabit rumen, but such an approach can only successful if it targets all major groups methanogens. Therefore, thorough knowledge diversity these microbes in different...
To investigate, using culture-independent techniques, the presence and diversity of methanogenic archaea in foregut kangaroos.DNA was extracted from forestomach contents 42 kangaroos (three species), three sheep cattle. Four qualitative quantitative PCR assays targeting archaeal domain (16S rRNA gene) or functional methanogenesis gene, mcrA, were used to determine population density whether they likely be methanogens. All ruminal samples positive for archaea, produced product expected size,...
A substantial fraction of ingested polyphenols accumulate in the large intestine (LI), attached to undigested plant cell walls (PCW) (dietary fibre). Yet, whether these PCW-bound alter structure and function resident microbiota remains unclear. This study characterised bacterial populations during vitro fermentation three standard polyphenols: ferulic acid (FER), (±)-catechin (CAT), cyanidin-3-glucoside (CYAN), adsorbed individually or combination apple (ACW). During with porcine faeces,...