A5053959422- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Gut microbiota and health
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Food composition and properties
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Botanical Research and Chemistry
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
- Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Veterinary Equine Medical Research
The University of Queensland
2014-2025
Agriculture and Food
2014-2025
Queensland Health
2020-2025
AgriBio
2012-2016
ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture
2012-2015
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
2015
Queensland Government
2014
Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies
2008-2012
University of New England
1990-2008
Murdoch University
2003
Abstract Ruminant livestock are important sources of human food and global greenhouse gas emissions. Feed degradation methane formation by ruminants rely on metabolic interactions between rumen microbes affect ruminant productivity. Rumen camelid foregut microbial community composition was determined in 742 samples from 32 animal species 35 countries, to estimate if this influenced diet, host species, or geography. Similar bacteria archaea dominated nearly all samples, while protozoal...
Rumen microbiome biology gets a boost with the release of 410 high-quality reference genomes from Hungate1000 project. Productivity ruminant livestock depends on rumen microbiota, which ferment indigestible plant polysaccharides into nutrients used for growth. Understanding functions carried out by microbiota is important reducing greenhouse gas production ruminants and developing biofuels lignocellulose. We present cultured bacteria archaea, together their genomes, representing every...
To determine whether Megasphaera elsdenii YE34 (lactic acid degrader) and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens YE44 (alternative starch utilizer to Streptococcus bovis) establish viable populations in the rumen of beef cattle rapidly changed from a forage-based grain-based diet.Five steers were inoculated with two bacterial strains (YE34 YE44) five served as uninoculated controls. With exception one animal control group, which developed acidosis, all adapted diet without signs acidosis (pH decline...
Summary Ruminococcus bromii is a dominant member of the human colonic microbiota that plays ‘keystone’ role in degrading dietary resistant starch. Recent evidence from one strain has uncovered unique cell surface ‘amylosome’ complex organizes starch‐degrading enzymes. New genome analysis presented here reveals further features this and shows remarkable conservation amylosome components between strains three different continents R. rumen Australian cattle. These encode narrow spectrum...
ABSTRACT The ecology of the uncultured, but large and morphologically conspicuous, rumen bacterium Oscillospira spp. was studied. Oscillospira- specific 16S rRNA gene sequences were detected in North American domestic cattle, sheep from Australia Japan, Norwegian reindeer. Phylogenetic analysis obtained allowed definition three operational taxonomic units within clade. Consistent with this genetic diversity, we observed atypical smaller morphotypes by using an fluorescence situ hybridization...
ABSTRACT Pasture-grazed dairy cows, deer, and sheep were tested for the presence of ammonia-hyperproducing (HAP) bacteria in roll tubes containing a medium which tryptone Casamino Acids sole nitrogen energy sources. Colonies able to grow on this represented 5.2, 1.3, 11.6% total bacterial counts sheep, respectively. A 14 morphologically distinct colonies purified studied further. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms 16S rRNA genes indicated that all isolates differed from previously...
Large numbers of bacteriophages (2 x 10(7) to 1 10(8)/ml) were present in ruminal fluid from sheep and cattle. Twenty-six distinct types identified placed three morphological groups; several phages possessed unusual structural features. The large diversity observed indicates a possible role bacterial lysis hence the population dynamics bacteria.
To investigate phage activity in the rumen, a method for quantifying has been developed. By differential centrifugation and ultrafiltration, particles were separated concentrated from ruminal fluid. Linear double-stranded DNA this fraction containing predominantly tailed was isolated by size, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Laser densitometry of photographs allowed numbers phages with each size region to be calculated and, therefore, total per milliliter fluid estimated. Phage...
Aims: To develop a real‐time Taq nuclease assay (TNA) to enable the in vivo enumeration of Megasphaera elsdenii. Methods and Results: elsdenii YE34 was phenotypically characteristic species had 16S rDNA sequence similarity 98% previously described isolates. Calibration number cells M. against cycle threshold fluorescent dye release gave straight‐line relationship with correlation coefficient approximating unity. The specificity for confirmed by performing it panel 24 heterogenous, mainly...
ABSTRACT A genetic transformation system with similarities to those reported for gram-negative bacteria was found be associated membrane vesicles of the ruminal cellulolytic genus Ruminococcus. Double-stranded DNA recovered from subcellular particulate fraction all ruminococci examined. Electron microscopy revealed that only particles present resembled vesicles. The likelihood (also known contain cellulosomes) further supported by adherence cellulose powder added culture filtrates....
The probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 increased weight gain, nitrogen retention and feed intake in ruminants when administered to the diet. This study aims develop a better understanding of this effect by analysing changes rumen prokaryotic community.Sequencing 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons microbiome, revealed that ewes fed had significantly different microbial community structure Control sheep. In contrast, dairy calves showed no significant differences between treatment groups. both...
The need for effective enzyme delivery systems in ruminant nutrition is underscored by the challenge of protecting enzymes harsh rumen environment. This study focused on enhancing encapsulation efficiency (EE) β-glucosidase alginate beads to improve its stability and protection within rumen-like conditions. objective was develop a microencapsulation system capable sustaining activity post-ingestion, using as model enzyme. Various formulations were tested optimize EE stability. Data...
Pimelea poisoning of cattle is caused by the toxin simplexin present in native plant species. Surface weathering and burial material under soil Pimelea-infested pastures previously showed degradation, suggesting microbial metabolism and/or abiotic degradation field. This current study investigated whether from a paddock was capable laboratory. The effects temperature on isolated levels treated with field-collected soil, acid-washed sand or bentonite were determined. incubated at 22 °C for...
The incidence of temperate bacteriophage in a wide range ruminal bacteria was investigated by means induction with mitomycin C. Supernatant liquid from treated cultures examined for phagelike particles using transmission electron microscopy. Of 38 studied, nine organisms (23.7%) representing five genera (Eubacteria, Bacteroides, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, and Streptococcus) produced particles. Filamentous Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens are the first this morphological type reported bacteria. All...
Aims: To identify dominant bacteria in grain (barley)-fed cattle for isolation and future use to increase the efficiency of starch utilization these cattle. Methods Results: Total DNA was extracted from samples rumen contents eight steers fed a barley diet 9 14 days. Bacterial profiles were obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) PCR-amplified V2/V3 region 16S rRNA genes total bacterial DNA. Apparently bands excised cloned, clone insert sequence determined. One most...
The rumen is known to harbour dense populations of bacteriophages (phages) predicted be capable infecting a diverse range bacteria. While bacterial genome sequencing projects are revealing the presence phages which can integrate their DNA into host form stable, lysogenic associations, little genetics utilise lytic replication. These infect and replicate within host, culminating in lysis release progeny phage particles. for bacteria have been previously isolated, genomes remained largely...
Sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics as a growth promoter in animal diets has either been banned or voluntarily withdrawn from many countries to help curb the emergence antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Probiotics may be an alternative promoter. We investigated effects novel probiotic strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 (H57) on performance and microbiome-associated metabolic potential.Broiler chickens were fed sorghum- wheat-based supplemented with H57. The rate, feed intake, conversion...
To investigate the impact of nutritional and environmental factors on bacteriophage activity in rumen, it is first valuable to determine extent natural variations fluctuations phage populations from different animal species, animals located together separately, variation over time. Differences between sheep diets, goats, within rumen time were investigated by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis comparing total DNA ruminal fluid. It was found that no two individuals had similar banding...