Background: Naja atra snakebite is uncommon in Taiwan and causes distinct effects on its victims. Although the government produces own specific antivenom, little information management of N. available.Materials methods: We retrospectively evaluated 183 patients admitted to two medical centers. Of these, 45 were identified as definite cases snakebite, 86 suspected cases, 52 clinical cases. Demographic data, symptomatology, compared between these case groups.Results: Symptomatology similar...

A total of 112 cases Naja atra envenomation were examined at two referring hospitals: Taichung Veterans General Hospital in central Taiwan and Taipei (VGH-TP) northern Taiwan. Overall, 77% (86/112) developed clinically suspected wound infections 54% (61/112) required surgery secondary to tissue necrosis, finger or toe gangrene, and/or necrotizing fasciitis. Morganella morganii was the most abundant gram-negative bacterial strain isolated from bite wounds, followed by Proteus spp., Aeromonas...

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant threat to public health. In this study, we aimed investigate the distribution and genetic diversity plasmids carrying beta-lactamase resistance determinants in collection K. blood isolates. Blood isolates bacteremia were collected identified. Whole-genome sequencing, assembly analysis performed for prediction antimicrobial determinants. Plasmidome was also performed. Our plasmidome revealed two major plasmid...

Monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease, has rapidly spread globally, prompting the WHO to declare it public health emergency. The long incubation period, early symptoms resembling respiratory infections, and diagnostic challenges hinder timely epidemic control accurate clinical diagnosis. monkeypox virus (MPXV) encodes A29L protein, which binds cellular heparan sulfate facilitate infection serves as target for treatment diagnostics. Thus, developing effective tools treatments is critically...

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus , a prevalent gram‐positive bacterium in human populations, poses significant risk for causing serious opportunistic infections and increasing antibiotic resistance. Alpha‐enolase S. plays important roles extracellular matrix binding biofilm formation. These functions enable to invade host tissues cause infections. The aim of this study was develop specific alpha‐enolase chicken antibodies through phage display technology targeting surface proteins as potential...

Glufosinate-containing herbicides are commonly used worldwide. Data on acute human glufosinate poisoning however remain scarce.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all poisoned cases reported to Taiwan National Poison Control Center and two centers in from August 1993 through February 2010. Their demographic clinical data were then analyzed identify potential predictors severe effects following poisoning.One hundred thirty-one patients, including 115 oral 16 non-oral exposures,...

Although specific antivenom is available in Taiwan, respiratory failure and general pain frequently accompany Bungarus multicinctus envenomation there have been few reports on the management of B. envenomation. We retrospectively analyzed 44 cases bite admitted to Taichung Veterans General Hospital (VGH) or Taipei VGH. Demographic data, treatment, outcome patients with without were compared. In this study, 20.5% had bites noticeable signs symptoms significant envenoming, 27.3% developed...

Deinagkistrodon acutus envenomation is associated with severe hematological and wound complications but rarely described.Herein, we report three cases of victims bitten by D. indicate that rapid-onset coagulopathy thrombocytopenia are distinct features snakebite, which not observed in other crotaline snakebites (i.e., Trimeresurus stejnegeri Protobothrops mucrosquamatus) Taiwan. The toxic effects could occur as early 2 to 3 h following persist if the administration specific antivenom delayed...

Introduction Protobothrops mucrosquamatus bite induces wound necrosis, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. The severity of the hematological derangements associated factors for necrosis subsequent surgery appropriate management these conditions have not been well characterized. Although severe failure requiring hemodialysis has reported following P. bite, culprit snake may be erroneously classified.Materials methods A total 186 patients with bites were...

Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA) is the active ingredient of certain widely used non-selective contact herbicides ("e.g.," Basta®). Although it thought to be much less toxic humans than plants, deliberate ingestion GLA could still lead serious effects neurotoxicity) or even death. Three cases presented with delayed-onset neurotoxicity including stupor, delirium, seizures, coma, and amnesia after ingesting large amount Basta. Considering that irreversibly inhibit glutamine synthetase (GS) in we...

Objective . Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) are serious complications of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning that adversely affect poisoned patients’ quality life as well socioeconomic status. This study aimed to determine clinical predictors DNS in patients with CO poisoning. Methods retrospective included all CO-poisoned admitted the emergency department (ED) Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taiwan from 1 January 2009 31 December 2015. The medical records were carefully reviewed, and...

There are 6 species of venomous snakes in Taiwan. Two them, Deinagkistrodon acutus (D. acutus) and Daboia siamensis siamensis), can cause significant coagulopathy. However, a proportion patients with snakebites cannot identify the correct snake after envenomation, which hampers application antivenom. Hence, differential diagnosis between two by clinical presentations is important. This study aims to compare their laboratory features for purpose snakebites.We retrospectively reviewed medical...

Background: Trimeresurus stejnegeri bite induces tissue swelling, pain, thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. However, the incidence of coagulopathy, factors associated with wound necrosis, appropriate management this condition have not been well characterized yet. Materials: This study included patients bitten by T. s. that were admitted to hospitals from 2001 2016. Patient characteristics, laboratory data, approaches compared in victims without necrosis. Results: A...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a new and emerging that has caused outbreaks worldwide. The been linked to congenital neurological malformations in neonates Guillain–Barré syndrome adults. Currently there are no effective vaccines available. As result, great need for ZIKV treatment. In this study, we developed single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies target the envelope protein using phage display technology. We first induced an immune response white leghorn laying hens against (E) protein....

, the Chinese cobra, is a major cause of snake envenomation in Asia, causing hundreds thousands clinical incidents annually. The current treatment, horse serum-derived antivenom, has unpredictable side effects and presents manufacturing challenges. This study focused on developing new-generation venom antidotes by using microbial phage display technology to derive nanobodies from an alpaca immunized with attenuated

Patients bitten by Naja atra who are treated with bivalent freeze-dried neurotoxic antivenom in Taiwan have an improved survival rate but develop necrotic wound changes. The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested using the minimum necrotizing dose (MND) of venom as a method evaluating neutralization effect antivenom. aim this study was to evaluate effectiveness for prevention necrosis based on MND and clarify which component N. induces necrosis. neurotoxins (NTXs) were removed from...

Background Naja atra bites cause wound necrosis, secondary infection, and necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) requiring repetitive surgeries. Little information is known about the predictors for surgery after these bites. Materials methods We retrospectively evaluated 161 patients envenomed by N . , 80 of whom underwent because necrosis infection. compared patients’ variables between surgical non-surgical groups. To construct a risk score, we converted regression coefficients...

Chlorfenapyr is a new contact and stomach insecticide derived from natural pyrroles secreted by Streptomyces spp. It pro-insecticide acts after metabolic transformation to its active metabolite tralopyril. Tralopyril an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria target insects experiment animals, leading disruption adenosine triphosphate synthesis death. Several fatal human poisonings had been reported no blood chlorfenapyr or tralopyril measurements were available. The...

DATA REPORT article Front. Pharmacol., 26 April 2018Sec. Inflammation Pharmacology Volume 9 - 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00419

Naja atra is a major venomous snake found in Taiwan. The bite of this causes extensive wound necrosis or necrotizing soft tissue infection. Conventional microbial culture-based techniques may fail to identify potential human pathogens and render antibiotics ineffective the management Therefore, we evaluated 16S Sanger sequencing next-generation (NGS) bacterial species oropharynx N. atra. Using conventional culture methods VITEK 2 system, isolated nine from snakebite wounds. On basis clones...