Fasciolosis caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and gigantica is one of most important neglected parasitic diseases humans animals. The ability parasites to infect multiply in their intermediate snail hosts, adaptation a wide variety mammalian definitive hosts contribute high transmissibility distribution. Within host, trauma immature burrowing through parenchyma associated with pathogenesis. Similarly, feeding activity physical presence large bile ducts can lead anemia,...

Fasciola hepatica, or liver fluke, causes fasciolosis in humans and livestock. Following ingestion of vegetation contaminated with encysted parasites, metacercariae, newly excysted juveniles (NEJ) excyst the small intestine cross intestinal wall. After penetrating liver, parasite begins an intra-parenchymal migratory feeding phase that not only drives their rapid growth development but also extensive haemorrhaging immune pathology. Studies on infection are hindered by difficulty accessing...

Knowledge on the capacity of Australian ticks to carry Borrelia species is currently limited or missing. To evaluate potential bacterial pathogens and their DNA, it imperative have a robust workflow that maximises recovery DNA within in order enable accurate identification. By exploiting bilateral anatomical symmetry ticks, we were able directly compare two extraction methods for 16S rRNA gene diversity profiling pathogen detection. We aimed assess which combination hypervariable region...

Background Fasciolosis, due to Fasciola hepatica and gigantica, is a re-emerging zoonotic parasitic disease of worldwide importance. Human animal infections are commonly diagnosed by the traditional sedimentation faecal egg-counting technique. However, this technique time-consuming prone sensitivity errors when large number samples must be processed or if operator lacks sufficient experience. Additionally, diagnosis can only made once 12-week pre-patent period has passed. Recently,...

The antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyses the dismutation of superoxide, a dangerous oxygen free radical, into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxide generation during oxidative burst innate immune system is considered key component host defence against invading pathogens. We demonstrate presence differential expression two SODs in Fasciola hepatica, leaderless cytosolic (FhSOD1) an extracellular (FhSOD3) form containing secretory signal peptide, suggesting that...

Dogs and cats play an important role as reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens, yet reports canine feline diseases in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Blood samples were collected from 188 free-roaming dogs Asir (70 44 cats) Riyadh (74 dogs), Arabia. The presence Anaplasma spp., Bartonella hemotropic Mycoplasma Babesia Hepatozoon spp. was detected using a multiplex tandem real-time PCR. PCR-positive further examined with specific conventional PCR followed by sequencing. tested negative for all while...

Fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and gigantica, is a globally distributed zoonotic disease of livestock. While F. gigantica have temperate tropical distributions, respectively, parasite sympatry occurs in parts Asia Africa. A growing protein demand has the potential to facilitate translocation parasites from endemic non-endemic areas, via associated international livestock movements. Such case Southeast Asia, where trade hepatica-endemic countries into China Vietnam may account for...

Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) are the most commonly recognised ectoparasites of domestic pets globally and frequently implicated in transmission a variety zoonotic vector-borne pathogens. The aim present study was to investigate morphological molecular identity parasitising cats dogs Northern Laos screen them for range bacterial Fleas (n = 120) were collected from morphologically identified as Ctenocephalides felis (115/120), orientis (4/120) Pulex irritans (1/120). Molecular barcoding...

Enolase is a 47 kDa enzyme that functions within the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways involved in reversible conversion of D-2-phosphoglycerate (2PGA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). However, context host-pathogen interactions, enolase from different species parasites, fungi bacteria have been shown contribute adhesion processes by binding proteins host extracellular matrix (ECM), such as fibronectin (FN) or laminin (LM). In addition, plasminogen (PLG)-binding protein induces its...

Canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a life-threatening infection of dogs with global distribution. Information on the prevalence D. immitis and associated risk factors for canine antigen positivity-and thus disease-in Australia scarce or outdated. The current reference method diagnosis in via detection blood using commercially available microwell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Heat treatment plasma prior to testing has been suggested increase test sensitivity. aim...

Both Angiostrongylus cantonensis and mackerrasae have been identified along the east coast of Australia. A lack A. genomic data until 2019, however, has precluded unequivocal identification species responsible for neuroangiostrongyliasis in accidental hosts such as dog man. The availability a whole-genome mackerrasae, including mtDNA ITS2 rDNA, enables discrimination from mackerrasae. aim this study was to develop diagnostic PCR assays determine based on detection DNA sequences cerebrospinal...

Abstract During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) intracellular life-cycle, two large polyproteins, pp1a and pp1ab, are produced. Processing of these by viral cysteine proteases, papain-like protease (PLpro) chymotrypsin-like 3C-like (3CL-pro) release non-structural proteins necessary for establishment replication transcription complex (RTC), crucial replication. Hence, proteases considered prime targets against which anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)...

Introduction. Bartonellosis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Bartonella . Mixed infections are a well-documented phenomenon in mammals and their ectoparasites. The accurate identification species single mixed valuable, as different have varying impacts on infected hosts. Gap Statement. Current diagnostic methods inadequate at identifying present infections. Aim. aim this study was to adopt Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach using Illumina sequencing...

Bovine trichomonosis, caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Tritrichomonas foetus, is globally recognised as a cause of reproductive failure in cattle. Maintained clinically normal bulls, T. foetus results infertility and abortion infected cows. In Australia's Northern Territory (NT), logistical limitations associated extensive livestock production inhibit wide-scale testing diagnosis, allowing to persist undetected. present study, was detected 18/109 preputial cultures collected...

ABSTRACT Enolase is a 47 kDa enzyme that functions within the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways involved in reversible conversion of D-2-phosphoglycerate (2PGA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). However, context host-pathogen interactions, enolase from different species parasites, fungi bacteria have been shown contribute adhesion processes by binding proteins host extracellular matrix (ECM), such as fibronectin (FN) or laminin (LM). In addition, plasminogen (PLG)-binding protein induces...

Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) is a zoonotic trichuroid nematode parasite of dogs, cats and wild carnivores with global distribution. The main reservoir species in Europe the red fox, where it has been detected up to 97% animals surveyed. Despite burgeoning feral cat fox population Australia, there paucity information about occurrence molecular identity E. these species. gravid capillariid bronchoalveolar lavage 12-week-old kitten from central New South Wales (NSW), history...

Our laboratory's vaccine development strategy against the livestock parasite Fasciola hepatica centres around disrupting key biological processes by combining groups of antigens with similar/complementary functional actions into a single cocktail. In this study focus was on antioxidant protein vaccines and protease inhibitor aimed at parasite's ability to defend oxidative stress protease-inhibitor balance, respectively. Two combinations recombinantly expressed antioxidants were assessed,...

Abstract Bovine trichomoniasis is a notifiable, reproductive disease of cattle caused by the parasite Tritrichomonas foetus. Culturing with modified Diamond's medium (MDM) required to increase low number organisms received from preputial sample, but limited in application remote areas as it requires continuous cold chain storage. This study utilized lyophilization sustain viability MDM during transport lieu chain. All lyophilized was able T. foetus after storage for 42 days at 24 °C, and...