Even if horses strictly depend on the gut microbiota for energy homeostasis, only a few molecular studies have focused its characterisation and none perinatal microbial colonisation process.To explore process of foal ecosystem temporal dynamics assembly during first days life.Longitudinal study.Thirteen Standardbred mare-foal pairs were included in study. For each pair, at delivery we collected mare amniotic fluid, faeces colostrum, meconium. Milk samples both also taken longitudinally,...

Abstract Background Pain assessment based on facial expressions has been described in foals. Objectives To extend previous pilot findings of the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment Foals (EQUUS‐FAP FOAL). Study design Prospective blinded case–control study (known groups analysis). Methods Video recordings (30–60 s) n = 100 foals (38 patients and 62 controls) were collected. Videos randomised scored by two observers, condition animals. Inter‐ intra‐observer agreement was...

Assay of steroid hormones in hair has become an attractive alternative for studies focusing on the perinatal period equine medicine. The aim present study was to evaluate mares’ and foals’ ALLO concentrations their ratio relation clinical conditions selected parameters. 37 mare–foal pairs were categorized into healthy (group H; n = 15) sick S; 22) groups. from measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Foal foal/mare lower group S compared H (p < 0.001). Moderate positive correlations found...

Background: Although antibiotic resistance is a well-known issue in veterinary medicine, studies proposing real-time therapeutic monitoring (TDM) are lacking. The objective of the present study was to develop simple and rapid protocol for antibiotics horses dogs. Methods: A reliable TDM should encompass guidelines definition plasma/serum collection time points, sample management by clinical staff, transportation laboratory, availability robust swift analytical technologies. Ampicillin...

A complex feedback of growth factors, secreted by a variety cell types, is responsible for the mediation skin healing. Despite recent advances in wound healing management, this fails up to 50% and wounds can still be considered one main causes morbidity, both human veterinary medicine. Regenerative medicine, involving mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), nowadays promising solution Indeed, MSCs are involved modulation inflammatory local response replacing, paracrine mode action. Local...

There is a wide array of evidence across species that exposure to antibiotics associated with dysbiosis, and due their widespread use, this also raises concerns in medicine. The study aimed determine the changes on fecal microbiota hospitalized neonatal foals administered broad-spectrum antimicrobials supplemented probiotics. Fecal samples were collected at hospital admission (Ta), end antimicrobial treatment (Te) discharge (Td). Feces analysed by next-generation sequencing 16S rRNA gene...

Dystocia as a prolonged stage II parturition (>30 min) was associated with higher risk of complications. The hypothesis the study that any type dystocia could affect foal’s health, even when <30 min. Clinical reports on 222 Standardbred mares and their foals hospitalized at Veterinary Teaching Hospital University Bologna from 2004 to 2020 were reviewed. Mares divided into Eutocia Group (165, eutocic delivery) (57, dystocic delivery). incidence 4.9%. Stage longer in (median 20 than 12 min)....

Equine fetal hair starts to grow at around 270 days of pregnancy, and collected birth reflects hormones the last third pregnancy. The study aimed evaluate cortisol (CORT) dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations their ratio in trichological matrix foals mares relation clinical parameters; condition neonate (study 1); housing place parturition 2). In 1, 107 mare-foal pairs were divided into healthy (group H; n = 56) sick S; 51) foals, whereas 2, group H was hospital (n 30)...

Both in human and equine species, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from amniotic membrane (AM) Wharton's jelly (WJ), may be particularly useful for immediate use or later stages of life, after cryopreservation cell bank. The aim this study was to compare AM- WJ-MSCs vitro features that relevant their clinical employment. MSCs were more easily isolated WJ, even if derived AM exhibited rapid proliferation (P < 0.05). Osteogenic chondrogenic differentiation prominent WJ. This is also suggested by...

In the present study, an innovative therapy for spontaneously arisen pressure sores in seven hospitalized neonatal foals is described, using mesenchymal stem cells obtained from equine amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid (AFMSCs) were isolated samples recovered at delivery. Heterologous cells, passage three of vitro culture, applied to twice a week four consecutive times carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) gel. As control, commercial ointment was used. The results showed that mean sore regression rate...

In neonatal foals, umbilical remnants can be affected by infectious and non-infectious diseases. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate historical, management clinical factors that may related the occurrence of remnant Clinical reports foals born or hospitalized within 24 h life during 2017-2021 foaling seasons were reviewed. Forty/183 (21.9 %) developed diseases (URD group), while 143/183 (78.1 had normal (NUR group). URD group, 24/40 (60 a patent urachus, 16/40 (40 omphalo-arteritis,...

Little is known about the differences among adult and foetal equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), no data exist their comparative ultrastructural morphology. The aim of this study was to describe compare characteristics, immune properties, morphology (bone marrow: BM, adipose tissue: AT) adnexa derived (umbilical cord blood: UCB, Wharton's jelly: WJ) MSCs.No were observed in proliferation during first 3 passages. While migration ability similar cells, MSCs showed a higher adhesion ability,...

The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) fetal membranes, commonly referred to as “the placenta”, are epitheliochorial, diffuse, and microcotyledonary, similarly the mare’s placenta. evaluation of placenta is an essential component neonatal in equine species. However, post-partum or post-abortion placental assessment camels unfortunately too frequently neglected and, best authors’ knowledge, species lacks a comprehensive description normal placenta’s gross morphology. In order facilitate...

Prompt pain management is crucial in horses; however, tools to assess are limited. This study aimed develop and pilot a composite scale for estimation foals. The "Foal Composite Pain Scale" (FCPS) was developed based on literature authors' expertise. FCPS consisted of 11 facial expressions, 4 behavioural items, 5 physical items. Thirty-five pain-free foals (Control Group) 15 experiencing (Pain were used. Foals video-recorded at different time points: the Control Group only inclusion (C),...

Embryo transfer (ET) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are widely used in equine species, but their effects on fetal adnexa neonates have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate whether pregnancies obtained by ET or ICSI could be associated with the presence macroscopic alterations membranes (FM) umbilical cord (UC) if use these techniques influence neonatal outcome. Sixty-six light breed mares hospitalized at Veterinary Teaching Hospital,...

Different methods to measure tissue perfusion are available in equine neonatology, but they not representative of microvascular derangements.To evaluate the feasibility sidestream dark-field (SDF) capillaroscopy visualize capillary microvasculature conscious newborn foals, differences between two imaging sites and times measurements, measurements' reproducibility.Seventeen healthy foals were enrolled. Three at upper lower lip mucosa assessed by SDF, using a hand-held capiscope, 24 h 4-5 days...