A5016390314- Climate variability and models
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Marine and fisheries research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Maritime Security and History
- Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Climate change and permafrost
NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories
2016-2025
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2014-2025
NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
2004-2023
Stennis Space Center
2023
NOAA National Data Buoy Center
2023
Northern Gulf Institute
2023
Mississippi State University
2023
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2021
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2021
University of Bergen
2021
Abstract The postmonsoon (October–November) tropical cyclone (TC) season in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) has spawned many deadliest storms recorded history. Here it is shown that intensity major TCs (wind speed > 49 m s −1 ) BoB increased during 1981–2010. It found changes environmental parameters are responsible for observed increases TC intensity. Increases sea surface temperature and upper ocean heat content made more conducive to intensification, while enhanced convective instability...
Abstract Most studies of African dust and North Atlantic climate have been limited to the short time period since satellite era (1980 onward), precluding examination their relationship on longer scales. Here a new dataset with record extending back 1950s is used show multidecadal covariability SST aerosol, Sahel rainfall, hurricanes. When Ocean was cold from late 1960s early 1990s, received less rainfall tropical experienced high concentration dust. The opposite true when warm before after...
Cyclone Nargis (Figure 1a) made landfall in Myanmar (formerly Burma) on 2 May 2008 with sustained winds of approximately 210 kilometers per hour, equivalent to a category 3–4 hurricane. In addition, brought 600 millimeters rain and storm surge meters the low‐lying densely populated Irrawaddy River delta. its wake, left an estimated 130,000 dead or missing more than $10 billion economic losses. It was worst natural disaster strike Indian Ocean region since 26 December 2004 tsunami recorded...
Abstract Rapid intensification (RI) of hurricanes is notoriously difficult to predict and can contribute severe destruction loss life. While past studies examined the frequency RI occurrence, changes in magnitude were not considered. Here we explore over 30‐year satellite period 1986–2015. In central eastern tropical Atlantic, which includes much main development region, 95th percentile 24‐hr intensity increased at 3.8 knots per decade. western encompassing Caribbean Sea Gulf Mexico, trends...
Super typhoons (STYs), intense tropical cyclones of the western North Pacific, rank among most destructive natural hazards globally. The violent winds these storms induce deep mixing upper ocean, resulting in strong sea surface cooling and making STYs highly sensitive to ocean density stratification. Although a few studies examined potential impacts changes thermal structure on future cyclones, they did not take into account near-surface salinity. Here, using combination observations coupled...
Abstract Two decades of drifter and satellite data allow the authors to describe seasonal evolution surface circulation Arabian Sea, which reverses annually with Indian monsoon winds. This study finds several features that advance current understanding. Most significantly, northward flow appears along length western boundary, together a weak anticyclone at 6°N (a precursor Great Whirl) as early March or April, one two months before southwest is driven by planetary waves, are initiated wind...
Abstract Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) is a multinational program initiated 1997 tropical to improve our understanding ability predict ocean‐atmosphere variability. PIRATA consists of network moored buoys providing meteorological oceanographic data transmitted real time address fundamental scientific questions as well societal needs. The maintained through dedicated yearly cruises, which allow for extensive complementary shipboard measurements provide...
This paper addresses the atmospheric and oceanic causes of seasonal cycle sea surface temperature (SST) in tropical Atlantic on basis direct observations. Data sets include up to 4 years (September 1997 February 2002) measurements from moored buoys Pilot Research Array Tropical (PIRATA), near‐surface drifting buoys, a blended satellite situ SST product. We analyze mixed layer heat balance at eight PIRATA mooring locations find that cycles latent loss absorbed shortwave radiation are...
A moored buoy was recently deployed at 8°S, 67°E in the shallow thermocline region of Indian Ocean known as “Seychelles‐Chagos Thermocline Ridge” (SCTR), where Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is associated with strong sea surface temperature (SST) variability. We use observations from this mooring to describe oceanic signature two MJOs between November 2007 and February 2008. The four‐month average upper ocean heat balance largely heating by atmospheric forcing (2.0 ± 0.3°C/month) a...
Interaction between the tropical Atlantic meridional and Niño modes is investigated using observations a quasi‐analytical linear equatorial wave model. It found that zonal wind stress anomalies associated with boreal spring mode generate eastward propagating Kelvin waves in central eastern Ocean, where variability strongest. These same force westward Rossby reflect at western boundary into during summer. The boundary‐generated are of opposite sign to those directly forced by winds earlier...
Abstract To incorporate the effects of tropical cyclone (TC)‐induced upper ocean mixing and sea surface temperature (SST) cooling on TC intensification, a vertical average down to fixed depth was proposed as replacement for SST within framework air‐sea coupled Potential Intensity (PI). However, which TC‐induced penetrates may vary substantially with stratification storm state. account these effects, here we develop “Dynamic Intensity” (DPI) based considerations stratified fluid turbulence....
This review describes the climate change–induced responses of tropical atmospheric circulation and their impacts on hydrological cycle. We depict theoretically predicted changes diagnose physical mechanisms for observational model-projected trends in large-scale regional climate. The slows down with moisture stratification changes, connecting to a poleward expansion Hadley cells shift intertropical convergence zone. Redistributions precipitation consist thermodynamic dynamical components,...
Abstract Tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI) is difficult to predict and poses a formidable threat coastal populations. A warm upper ocean well known favor RI, but the role of salinity less clear. This study shows strong inverse relationship between TC RI in eastern Caribbean western tropical Atlantic due near-surface freshening from Amazon–Orinoco River system. In this region, rapidly intensifying TCs induce much stronger surface enthalpy flux compared more weakly storms, part...
The tropical Atlantic is home to multiple coupled climate variations covering a wide range of timescales and impacting societally relevant phenomena such as continental rainfall, hurricane activity, oceanic biological productivity, atmospheric circulation in the equatorial Pacific. also connects southern northern branches meridional overturning receives freshwater input from some world's largest rivers. To address these diverse, unique, interconnected research challenges, rich network ocean...
Abstract. The Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC) took place from 7 January to 11 July 2020 in the tropical North between eastern edge of Barbados and 51∘ W, longitude Northwest Tropical Station (NTAS) mooring. Measurements were made gather information on shallow atmospheric convection, effects aerosols clouds ocean surface energy budget, mesoscale oceanic processes. Multiple platforms deployed during ATOMIC including NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown (RHB) (7...
Abstract The spatiotemporal evolutions of equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) during Niño events and the associated climate impacts on surrounding continents are extremely diverse. In this study, we construct longitude‐time maps SSTAs for each observed event 1948–2019 perform a empirical orthogonal function analysis to identify four most frequently recurring varieties. first two contrast timing dissipation (early terminating vs. persistent) other onset late onset)....
Abstract Hurricanes often cause severe damage and loss of life, storms that intensify close to the coast pose a particularly serious threat. While changes in hurricane intensification environment have been examined at basin scales previously, near‐coastal not adequately explored. In this study, we address using suite observations climate model simulations. Over 40‐year period 1979–2018, mean 24‐hr rate increased by ∼1.2 kt 6‐hr −1 near US Atlantic coast. However, significant increase did...
Abstract Tropical Cyclones (TCs) inflict substantial coastal damages, making it pertinent to understand changing storm characteristics in the important nearshore region. Past work examined several aspects of TCs relevant for impacts regions. However, few studies explored intensification and its response climate change at global scale. Here, we address this using a suite observations numerical model simulations. Over historical period 1979–2020, reveal mean TC rate increase about 3 kt per...
Abstract Measurements from three long-term moored buoys are used to investigate the impact of barrier layer thickness (BLT) on seasonal cycle sea surface temperature (SST) in central tropical North Atlantic Ocean. It is found that variations BLT exert a considerable influence SST through their modulation vertical heat flux at base mixed layer, estimated as residual balance. Cooling associated with this term strongest when thin and gradient strong. Conversely, thick layers significant...
In this study the causes of seasonal cycle mixed layer salinity in tropical North Atlantic Ocean are investigated from a combination satellite, atmospheric reanalysis, and situ data sets. Results indicate that balance varies regionally, leading to sea surface (SSS) with significant spatial inhomogeneity. For example, horizontal advection plays key role western (10–25°N, 50–65°W), where variations SSS relatively large. contrast, north‐central basin (15–25°N, 20–50°W), freshening meridional...
Abstract A combination of satellite and in situ datasets is used to investigate the impact interannual changes atmospheric dust content on sea surface temperature (SST) tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Throughout most region authors find, agreement with previous studies, that positive anomalies are associated a significant reduction shortwave radiation (SWR), while negative an enhancement SWR. Statistical analysis for 1984–2000 suggests dustiness (10°–25°N, 20°–60°W) explained approximately...
Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean exerts a significant influence on global climate through its summer monsoon and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. In this study, measurements from long-term moored buoy are used conjunction with satellite, situ, reanalysis datasets to analyze seasonal mixed layer heat balance thermocline ridge region of Ocean. This is characterized by shallow mean (90 m, as measured 20°C isotherm) pronounced cycles...
Abstract In the first half of 2009, anomalous cooling sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in equatorial North Atlantic (ENA; 2°–12°N) triggered a strong meridional mode event. During its peak April–May, SSTs ENA were 1°C colder than normal and South (5°S–0°) 0.5°C warmer normal. Associated with SST gradient northerly winds, an southward shift intertropical convergence zone, severe flooding Northeast Brazil. This study uses situ satellite observations to examine mechanisms responsible for during...