Abstract Objective Macrophages release cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), and IL‐6, which modulate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Macrophage these cytokines can be modulated by estrogen. Fcγ receptor type IIIA (CD16a) is a expressed on macrophages that selectively binds IgG molecules, an important in RA. Binding CD16 anti‐CD16 monoclonal antibodies stimulates macrophage cytokine release. We undertook this study to test hypothesis decreased...

Abstract – Many solutions have been examined as possible storage media for avulsed teeth. In this report, human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were exposed 1 h to culture medium, milk, Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), Soft Wear, Opti Free, and Solo Care contact lens solutions, Gatorade ® , tap water, at room temperature on ice. The number of viable was counted using the trypan blue exclusion technique, immediately after exposure (0 h) 24 48 h, test proliferative capacity treatment....

Although a variety of cues have been implicated in axonal targeting during embryogenesis and regeneration, the precise mechanisms guiding olfactory axons remain unclear. Appropriate axon pathfinding is essential for functional chemoreceptive pheromone receptive systems. Olfactory also necessary establishment neuroendocrine LHRH system, cells critical reproductive function. exhibit neurophilic migration moving from nasal region along into brain. Factors involved these are as yet unresolved....

Reproduction in mammals is dependent on the function of specific neurons that secrete gonadotropinreleasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1).These originate prenatally nasal placode and migrate into forebrain along olfactory -vomeronasal nerves.Alterations this migratory process lead to defective GnRH-1 secretion, resulting heterogeneous genetic disorders such as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), other reproductive diseases characterized by reduction or failure sexual competence.Combining...

Traumatic fractures cause structurally unstable sites due to severe bone loss. Such generate a high yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can lead oxidative stress. Excessive and prolonged ROS activity impedes osteoblast differentiation instigates long healing times. Stimulation antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1), are crucial reduce ROS, stimulate osteogenesis, strengthen collagen mineral formation. Yet, no current fixative devices have shown an ability enhance matrix...

A greater incidence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is reported in females, suggesting that gonadal hormones may play a role this condition. However, the exact roles 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) TMJ are not completely known. Two experiments were performed to determine separate E2 P4 nociception at various stages estrous cycle. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats cycled with physiological concentrations or P4. The E2-cycled then received bilateral injections saline (SAL) complete...

Neuropathic pain represents a challenge to clinicians because it is resistant commonly prescribed analgesics due its largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we investigated descending dopaminergic pathway-mediated modulation of trigeminal neuropathic pain. We performed chronic constriction injury the infraorbital nerve from maxillary branch induce in mice. Our retrograde tracing showed that projection hypothalamic A11 nucleus spinal caudalis bilateral. Optogenetic/chemogenetic manipulation...

Abstract Opioids are commonly prescribed to patients with chronic pain. Chronic opioid usage comes a slew of serious side effects, including opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). The long-term treatment experience paradoxical increases in nociceptive hypersensitivity, namely, OIH. Currently, options for OIH extremely lacking. In this study, we show that the ketogenic diet recovers abnormal pain behavior caused by morphine male mice, and further therapeutic effect is mediated through gut...

Abstract Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chicken pox, and reactivation of this later in life shingles. Previous work demonstrated that estrogens could reduce VZV‐induced orofacial pain affect gene expression the central amygdala. It is known amygdala processes signals from region produced by enzyme aromatase within regulate neuronal function. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesized attenuate pain. To address hypothesis, male Long–Evans rats were implanted with cannulas terminating...

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is associated with pain in the (temporomandibular joint, TMJ) and muscles involved mastication. TMD dissipates following menopause but returns some women undergoing estrogen replacement therapy. Progesterone has both anti-inflammatory antinociceptive properties, while estrogen's effects on nociception are variable highly dependent natural hormone fluctuations dosage during pharmacological treatments, high doses increasing pain. Allopregnanolone, a...

Unrestrained DNA supercoiling was measured using a Me3-psoralen photobinding assay within transcriptionally active hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene integrated into different chromosomal locations in five transformed human fibrosarcoma cell lines. The level of unrestrained the hph varied, from high to low levels, living cells. In one line, contained no supercoiling. Consequently, not dictated by sequence gene. addition α-amanitin, which can inhibit transcription, reduced 75% at...

Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into multiple types of derived from mesenchyme. Periodontal ligament are primarily mesenchyme; thus, we expected mesenchymal to periodontal ligament. Using a combination immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization on co-cultures ligament, observed significant increase cells’ expression osteocalcin osteopontin decrease bone sialoprotein, characteristics vivo. Increased decreased sialoprotein was detected within 7 days maintained through 21 co-culture....

Abstract – The ability of storage media to preserve periodontal ligament (PDL) cell vitality has been previously evaluated. However, the mechanisms by which different conditions alter functional status PDL cells have not determined. purpose present study was investigate, in vitro , level programed death or apoptosis a population following under conditions. Primary human were plated into 24‐well‐culture plates and allowed attach for 24 h. Cells then exposed 1 h milk, Hank's balanced salt...

Females report temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain more than men and studies suggest estrogen modulates this response. Our goal in study was to determine genes that are modulated by physiological levels of 17β-estradiol could have a role TMJ pain. To complete goal, saline or Freund's adjuvant injected the when plasma low it at high proestrus level. TMJ, trigeminal ganglion, subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord junction (Vc/C(1-2) ) tissues were isolated from treated rats expression 184...

Unrestrained DNA supercoiling and the number of topological domains were measured within a 1.8 megabase pair chromosomal region consisting about 200 tandem repeats mouse mammary tumor virus promoter-driven ha-v-rasgene. When uninduced, unrestrained negative was organized into 32-kilobase (kb) domains. Upon induction, throughout completely relaxed. Supercoiling detected, however, when elongation blocked before or following induction. The formation transcription initiation complexes upon...

LHRH is the neuropeptide responsible for reproductive function. Prenatally, expression begins when neurons are in olfactory pit and continues as these cells migrate into brain. Thus, maintain through very distinct environments. The regulatory interactions that control onset continued of phenotype unknown. To begin to address this question primary were removed from nasal explants at different ages. A complementary DNA (cDNA) subtraction screen was performed comparing a 3.5-days vitro neuron...