A5086888449- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Animal health and immunology
- Bee Products Chemical Analysis
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Moringa oleifera research and applications
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Rabbits: Nutrition, Reproduction, Health
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Pharmacological Effects and Assays
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Food composition and properties
Purdue University West Lafayette
2020-2025
Virginia Tech
2016-2021
Queen's University
2005
Wright State University
1993
Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggests that ABPM more closely predicts target organ damage than does clinic measurement. Future guidelines may suggest as routine in the diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension. This would create difficulties this test is expensive often difficult to obtain. The purpose study determine degree which BpTRU automatic blood pressure monitor results on 24 hour ambulatory (ABPM). Methods A quantitative analysis comparing measured by device with mean...
Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect short-term elevated ambient temperature on ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) dynamics and rumen epithelium gene expression associated with transport metabolism VFA. Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein heifers (200 kg) were used in a factorial, repeated measures experiment two treatments periods. During first period, animals provided feed ad libitum housed at 20 °C. second one group (HS) 30 °C fed libitum. other (PF) pair-fed...
Abstract Although numerous studies exist relating ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations to diet composition and animal performance, minimal information is available describing how VFA dynamics respond diets within the context of whole rumen environment. The objective this study was characterize protein fiber sources affect dry matter intake, pH, fluid dynamics, fermentation parameters, epithelial gene expression. Four treatments (soybean meal or heat-treated soybean beet pulp...
Periparturient dairy cattle undergo physiological adaptations to support fetal growth and colostrum synthesis in late gestation milk production early lactation. To energy protein demands mobilize body tissue reserves. The objective of this study was determine the effects prepartum skeletal muscle reserves supplementation branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) on composition measurements, metabolic markers related health, protein, status, subsequent yield multiparous cows. Skeletal were...
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate, a TCA cycle intermediate and gluconeogenic substrate. Altering saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio alters PC expression, suggesting central role in mediating carbon flow through metabolic pathways. Herein, we describe changes flux intermediates proteome Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells with expression knocked-down (PC-KD), overexpressed (PC-OE), unaltered using Scramble control, or pretreated for 21 h vehicle...
Dairy cattle mobilize skeletal muscle in the periparturient period to close energy and metabolizable protein gaps due high demands of growing fetus milk production. The objective this study was determine if amount dam prepartum reserves branched-chain VFA (BCVFA) supplementation affected calf birth weight, circulating AA, semitendinosus metabolic activity, colostrum composition. We hypothesized that calves born dams with higher supplemented BCVFA would be heavier, have greater mass as...
Abstract During homeostasis and regeneration, satellite cells, the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle, have distinct metabolic requirements for fate transitions between quiescence, proliferation differentiation. However, contribution energy sources to cell metabolism function remains largely unexplored. Here, we uncover a role mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in integrity function. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed progressive enrichment FAO downstream pathways during...
Abstract The publication of the first complete, haploid telomere-to-telomere (T2T) human genome revealed new insights into structure and function heretofore “invisible” parts including centromeres, tandem repeat arrays, segmental duplications. Refinement T2T processes now enables comparative analyses complete genomes across entire clades to gain a broader understanding evolution chromosome function. project involved unique ad hoc effort involving many researchers laboratories, serving as...
Nutrition and physiological state affect hepatic metabolism. Our objective was to determine if feeding flaxseed oil (∼50% C18:3n-3 cis), high oleic soybean (∼70% C18:1 cis-9), or milk fat C16:0) alters expression of PC, PCK1, PCK2 the flow carbons from propionate pyruvate into TCA cycle in preruminating calves. Male Holstein calves (n = 40) were assigned a diet skim with either: 3% (MF; n 8), (Flax; (HOSO; 1.5% MF + (MF-HOSO; (MF-Flax; 8) d 14 21 postnatal. At postnatal, liver biopsy taken...
Heat stress (HS) exerts detrimental effects on animal production, with lactating sows being particularly vulnerable. Understanding the mechanisms involved in HS response could aid developing effective strategies against negative impacts livestock. Recent genome wide association studies identified two core circadian clock genes as potential candidates mediating response. The study aimed to investigate how cooling under natural heat conditions impacted patterns of respiration rate (RR), rectal...
Emerging data highlighting gut microbiome influences on health support evaluation of how microbial fermentation end-products influence postabsorptive systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect increased propionate status progesterone profiles and insulin sensitivity in dairy heifers. Eleven Holstein heifers, synchronized estrus, were assigned one two continuous, 5-day IV treatments: sodium (PRO; n = 5) or saline (CON; 6). These infusions culminated a hyperglycemic clamp with daily...
Abstract The publication of the first complete, haploid telomere-to-telomere (T2T) human genome revealed new insights into structure and function heretofore “invisible” parts including centromeres, tandem repeat arrays, segmental duplications. Refinement T2T processes now enables comparative analyses complete genomes across entire clades to gain a broader understanding evolution chromosome function. project involved unique ad hoc effort involving many researchers laboratories, serving as...
Abstract Lactating sows and their litters are particularly vulnerable to heat stress (HS). Heat decreases sow fertility, feed intake, milk production, litter growth. Approaches needed mitigate the negative effects of HS on animal welfare oxidative damage tissues. The objective this study was measure efficacy conductive removal using electronic cooling pads (ECP) feeding Moringa oleifera (4% diet, M), a feedstuff high in antioxidants, from late gestation weaning production performance. A...
Circadian disruption increased insulin resistance and decreased mammary development in late gestation, nonlactating (dry) cows. The objective was to measure the effect of circadian on transcriptomes liver gland. At 35 days before expected calving (BEC), multiparous dry cows were assigned either control (CON) or phase-shifted treatments (PS). CON exposed 16-h light 8-h dark. PS dark, but phase light-dark cycle shifted 6 h every 3 days. On day 21 BEC, biopsied. RNA isolated (n = CON, n per...
The objective of these studies was to determine the effects feeding a novel rumen-protected Lys (RP-Lys) product on plasma AA, lactational performance, and bioavailability. To evaluate RP-Lys lactation performance corn-based diet (42.5% corn silage 21.9% by-products, DM basis) formulated be deficient but adequate in Met, energy, metabolizable protein. Thirty-six lactating Holstein cows were fed either Lys-deficient control (CON) with no added RP-Lys, or diets containing 0.3% (0.3RP-Lys) 0.6%...
A more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that support milk synthesis is needed to develop strategies efficiently and sustainably meet growing global demand for dairy products. With postulate coding gene transcript abundance reflects relative importance in supporting synthesis, we analyzed transcriptome early lactation cows across magnitudes normalized RNA-Seq read counts. Total RNA was isolated from samples collected early-lactation ( n = 6) following two treatment periods...
The ratio of concentrate to forage within diets is known alter rumen microbial profiles, but comparatively less information available on the effect differing sources individual nutrients microbiome. objective this study was investigate responses composed protein and fiber expected vary in nutrient degradability. interest included relative abundances bacterial taxa as well estimations community richness diversity. Ten ruminally cannulated wethers (Suffolk, Dorset, or Suffolk × Dorset)...
Cattle exposed to shifts in light-dark phases during late pregnancy develop hypoglycemia and insulin resistance. Our objective was investigate if differences liver carbon flux for gluconeogenesis were driving circadian-disrupted metabolic alterations glucose homeostasis, relate changes hepatic gene expression. We hypothesized circadian disruption would decrease synthesis. Milking ceased late-gestation Holstein cows (n = 8) at 60 d before expected calving (BEC), animals assigned either a...
Basal metabolic rate (BMR), estimated by housing animals in chambers, measures total daily heat and gas production. The use of this practice bovines has decreased because practical economic challenges, resulting a limited understanding factors affecting BMR. A recent technique developed Renquist et al. used fluorescence assay to measure BMR zebrafish, which could be an method compare bovines. Our objective was evaluate the repeatability, practicality, sensitivity using muscle samples...
Abstract Lactating sows and their litters are particularly vulnerable to heat stress (HS). HS decreases sow fertility, feed intake, milk production, litter growth. Approaches needed mitigate the negative effects of on animal welfare reduce oxidative damage tissues associated with HS. Recently, electronic cooling pad (ECP) were designed remove through conductive cooling. The objective this study was test efficacy ECP feeding an antioxidant, Moringa oleifera (4% diet, M), from late gestation...
Abstract Lactating sows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress (HS) due the increased metabolism from milk production. A greater understanding of HS response could assist in mitigating its detrimental effects on animal Two core circadian clock genes were pinpointed a recent genome study as potential mediators response, indicating possible alteration clocks by exposure. This aimed assess how cooling lactating under natural conditions summer influenced patterns respiration rate (RR),...
Muscle biopsies of the longissimus dorsi prepartum dairy cattle indicate that molecular signatures support distinct metabolic strategies between low- and high-muscle branched-chain volatile fatty acid supplementation increased substrates for energy generation.