A5051141507- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Public Procurement and Policy
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- ERP Systems Implementation and Impact
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Business Strategies and Management Research
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
The Pirbright Institute
2014-2024
Chuka University
2015
Scripps Research Institute
2007
Highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are at the heart of adaptive immune responses, playing crucial roles in many kinds disease and vaccination. We report that breadth peptide presentation level cell surface expression class I inversely correlated both chickens humans. This relationship correlates with protective responses against infectious pathogens including Marek's virus leading to lethal tumours human immunodeficiency infection progressing AIDS propose...
We investigate electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPs) for the selective recognition of SARS-CoV-2 whole virus. E-MIPs with pseudoparticles (pps) were electrochemically deposited onto screen printed electrodes by reductive electropolymerization, using water-soluble N-hydroxmethylacrylamide (NHMA) as functional monomer and crosslinked N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAm). showed selectivity template pps, an imprinting factor 3:1, specificity (significance = 0.06) when...
The pig is an important agricultural species and powerful biomedical model. We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza with many physiological similarities to humans, as robust model testing therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies provide protection through neutralization recruitment innate effector functions Fc domain. However very little known about Fc-mediated porcine IgG subclasses. generated 8 subclasses two anti hemagglutinin characterized...
Cattle possess three IgG subclasses. However, the key immune functions, including complement and NK cell activation, enhancement of phagocytosis, are not fully described for bovine IgG1, 2 3. We produced chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) consisting a defined variable region linked to constant regions 3, expressed His-tagged soluble recombinant Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) IA (CD64), IIA (CD32A), III (CD16) Fcγ2R. Functional assays using bovinized mAbs were developed. IgG1 IgG3, but IgG2,...
Abstract Host-genetic control of influenza virus infection has been the object little attention. In this study we determined that two inbred lines chicken differing in their genetic background , Lines 0 and C-B12, were respectively relatively resistant susceptible to with low pathogenicity A/Turkey/England/647/77 as defined by substantial differences viral shedding trajectories. Resistant birds, although infected, unable transmit contact ultimately only presence a sustained cloacal (and not...
Lymphoid oncogenesis is a life threatening complication associated with number of persistent viral infections (e.g. EBV and HTLV-1 in humans). With many these it difficult to study their natural history the dynamics tumor formation. Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) prevalent α-herpesvirus poultry, inducing CD4+ TCRαβ+ T cell tumors susceptible hosts. The high penetrance temporal predictability induction raises issues related clonal structure lymphomas. Similarly, clonality responding CD8 cells...
Quantitative real-time PCR assays are widely used for the quantification of mRNA within avian experimental samples. Multiple stably-expressed reference genes, selected lowest variation in representative samples, can be to control random technical variation. Reference gene must reliable, have high amplification specificity and efficiency, not produce signals from contaminating DNA. Whilst recent research papers identify specific genes that stable particular tissues treatments, here we...
Pigs are natural hosts for the same subtypes of influenza A viruses as humans and integrally involved in virus evolution with frequent interspecies transmissions both directions. The emergence 2009 pandemic H1N1 illustrates importance pigs zoonotic strains. Here we generated pig influenza-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from H1N1pdm09 infected pigs. mAbs recognized two major immunodominant haemagglutinin (HA) epitopes targeted by humans, one which is not post-infection ferret antisera...
Abstract The thymus is seeded by bone marrow-derived progenitors that circulate in the blood. Multiple cell types can be found early after i.v. administration or steady state, but most fail to satisfy known characteristics of true T progenitors. Cells do conform classical definitions retain multilineage potential, surprisingly, cannot make B cells. Because acquisition lineage fate among noncommitted a lengthy process, absence potential thymocytes suggests and lineages diverge prethymically....
Cattle antibodies have unusually long CDR3 loops in their heavy chains (HCs), and limited light chain (LC) diversity, raising the question of whether these mask effect LC variation on antigen recognition. We investigated role structure activity two neutralizing cattle (B4 B13) that bind F protein bovine respiratory syncytial virus (bRSV). Recombinant Fab fragments B4 B13 bound bRSV infected cells showed similar affinities for purified protein. Exchanging LCs between produced hybrid Fabs:...
Abstract This multiplex staining panel was developed to differentiate cattle T cells into conventional (CD4 and CD8) unconventional (γδ‐TCR) subsets as well their stage of differentiation activation. The combination CD45RO CD62L allows the identification naïve (T Naïve ), central memory CM effector EM ) terminal TE cells. Activated AV can be identified by cell surface expression CD25. using cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs) tested on fresh stimulated PBMCs. Therefore, this...
Marek's disease virus (MDV), an alphaherpesvirus of poultry, causes and is characterized by visceral CD4+TCRαβ+ T-cell lymphomas in susceptible hosts. Immortal cell lines harbouring the viral genome have been generated from ex vivo cultures MD tumours. As readily available sources large numbers cells, MDV-transformed lymphoblastoid (LCLs) are extremely valuable for studies virus-host interaction. While most cells held a latent state, minor populations display spontaneous reactivation...
Using the best animal models to study immune responses against specific pathogens or vaccines can dramatically accelerate our understanding. Veterinary species are well studied, particularly livestock, reduce their disease burden. They have also proven be powerful models, especially for zoonotic and novel vaccination strategies. A prerequisite any model selection is having right quality range of species-specific immunological reagents. To help promote widest possible use veterinary species,...
We propose a model by which an increase in the genomic modification, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), contributes to B cell death within chicken bursa of Fabricus (BF) infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Our findings indicate that, following IBDV infection, Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens have fewer surviving cells and higher levels 5hmC BF than more resistant 15l line birds. Elevated RIR are associated markers immune responses: infiltrating T increased expression CD40L,...
Abstract This 8‐color panel has been optimized to distinguish between functionally distinct subsets of cattle B cells in both fresh and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs). Existing characterized antibodies against cell surface molecules (immunoglobulin light chain (S‐Ig[L]), CD20, CD21, CD40, CD71, CD138) enabled the discrimination 24 unique populations within B‐cell population. allows identification five putative critical infection vaccination responses: (1) naïve (B Naïve...
Abstract Sustainable modern poultry production depends on effective protection against infectious diseases and a diverse range of antibodies is key for an immune response. In the domestic chicken, somatic gene conversion dominant process in which antibody immunoglobulin genes are diversified. Affinity maturation by hypermutation (SHM) also occurs, but relative contribution versus to (Ig) diversity poorly understood. this study, we use high throughput long-read sequencing study multiple...
Studying the antibody response to infection or vaccination is essential for developing more effective vaccines and therapeutics. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies immunoinformatic tools now allow fast comprehensive analysis of repertoires at high resolution any species. Here, we detail a flexible customizable suite methods from flow cytometry, single cell sorting, heavy light chain amplification cattle. These were used successfully, including adaptation 10x Genomics...
In the present study, chicken PD-1 (chPD-1) and PD-L1 (chPD-L1) was in vitro characterized, their binding interactions determined, respective specific monoclonal antibodies developed. ChPD-1 chPD-L1 sequence identities similarities were lower compared with humans other mammalian species. Further, phylogenetically chPD-1 grouped separately from sequences. sequences contain signal peptide, extracellular domain, a transmembrane intracellular which is similar to Based on three dimensional (3D)...
Lymphoblastoid cell lines 265(L) and 990(O) are monoclonal lymphomas, derived respectively from liver ovarian tumours, generated in inbred P-line (MHC B(19)/B(19)) chickens infected with RB-1B strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) pRB-1B5 BAC clone respectively. These were inoculated into inbred, MDV-susceptible, by intra-venous or intra-abdominal routes. Additional groups birds vaccinated using 1000 plaque-forming units CVI988 vaccine 8 days prior to inoculation the lines. Non-vaccinated...
Abstract The chicken MHC is known to confer decisive resistance or susceptibility various economically important pathogens, including the iconic oncogenic herpesvirus that causes Marek’s disease (MD). Only one classical class I gene, BF2, expressed at a high level in chickens, so it was relatively easy discern hierarchy from well-expressed thermostable fastidious specialist alleles promiscuous generalist are less stable and on cell surface. molecule BF2*1901 better more than closely related...
The mechanisms by which viruses modulate the immune system include changes in host genomic methylation. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is catalytic product of Tet (Ten-11 translocation) family enzymes and may serve as an intermediate DNA demethylation. Recent reports suggest that 5hmC confer consequences on cellular events including pathogenesis disease; order to explore this possibility further we investigated both 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels healthy diseased chicken bursas Fabricius. We...
The fourth industrial technology describes a world where the use of digital is ubiquitous in all spheres human life. higher education sector has faced its challenges terms transformation impact, which seems to be two edged sword. on one hand, as faculty struggling how best maintain quality with demand adopt and class. On other students seem struggle concentration if does not give due attention them whether online or blended learning. This knowledge gap needed an address, jeopardize learning...