Cross-linking between lignin and polysaccharide in plant cell-wall determines physical, chemical, biological features of lignocellulosic biomass. Since Erdmann's first report 1866, numerous studies have suggested the presence a bond hemicelluloses lignin; however, no clear evidence for this interaction has been reported. We describe direct proof covalent bonding polysaccharides lignin. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to observe long-range correlations through an α-ether...

RNA aptamers against bovine prion protein (bPrP) were obtained, most of the obtained being found to contain r(GGAGGAGGAGGA) (R12) sequence. Then, it was revealed that R12 binds both bPrP and its β-isoform with high affinity. Here, we present structure R12. This is first report on an aptamer protein. forms intramolecular parallel quadruplex. The quadruplex contains G:G:G:G tetrad G(:A):G:G(:A):G hexad planes. Two quadruplexes form a dimer through intermolecular hexad–hexad stacking. lysine...

Mammalian Musashi1 (Msi1) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of target mRNAs, and participates in maintenance cell 'stemness' tumorigenesis. Msi1 reportedly binds to 3'-untranslated region mRNA Numb, which encodes Notch inhibitor, impedes initiation its by competing with eIF4G for PABP binding, resulting triggering signaling. Here, mechanism recognizes RNA sequence using Ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-type domains (RBDs), RBD1 RBD2 has been revealed on identification minimal...

Balance in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation is a key factor regulating the fate naive CD4+ T cells. Here, we demonstrate that AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5a (Arid5a) cells directs to differentiate into inflammatory cells, especially Th17 through selective stabilization Stat3 (but not Stat1 Stat5) mRNA an IL-6–dependent manner. Loss Arid5a led reduction STAT3 level under Th17-polarizing conditions, whereas STAT1 STAT5 Arid5a-deficient were...

It is a central issue to elucidate the new type of molecular recognition accompanied by global structural change molecule upon binding its targets. Here we investigate driving force for R12 (a ribonucleic acid aptamer) and P16 partial peptide prion protein) during which exhibits change. We calculate changes in thermodynamic quantities R12-P16 using statistical-mechanical approach combined with models water currently best suited studies on hydration biomolecules. The driven water-entropy gain...

Background To find a novel RNA that would bind efficiently and specifically to Tat protein but not other cellular factors, we used an in vitro selection method isolated aptamer , 37‐mer oligomer, binds the of HIV‐1. In present study, analysed various properties including binding kinetics, identification functional groups for binding, inhibition function. Results The affinity Tat‐1 was 133 times higher than authentic TAR‐1 RNA. is composed inverted repeats two TAR‐like motifs, even though had...

GGA triplet repeats are widely dispersed throughout eukaryotic genomes and frequently located within biologically important regions such as gene regulatory recombination hot spot sites. We determined the structure of d(GGA)4 (12-mer) under physiological conditions founded formation an intramolecular parallel quadruplex for first time. Later, a similar architecture to that was found telomere DNA in crystalline state. Here, we have d(GGA)8 (24-mer) conditions. Two quadruplexes comprising...

The mouse hypervariable minisatellite (MN) Pc-1 consists of tandem repeats d(GGCAG) and flanked sequences. We have previously demonstrated that single-stranded n folds into the intramolecular folded-back quadruplex structure under physiological conditions. Because DNA polymerase progression in vitro is blocked at repeat, characteristic least part, could be responsible for hypermutable feature other MNs with similar repetitive units. On hand, we isolated six MN binding proteins (MNBPs) from...

The structure of human telomeric DNA is controversial; it depends upon the sequence contexts and methodologies used to determine it. solution in presence K + particularly interesting, but yet be elucidated, due possible conformational heterogeneity. Here, a unique strategy applied stabilize one such by substituting guanosines with 8‐bromoguanosines at proper positions. resulting spectra are cleaner led determination high atomic resolution. This demonstrates that application 8‐bromoguanosine...

Prion proteins (PrPs) cause prion diseases, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The conversion of a normal cellular form (PrPC) PrP into an abnormal (PrPSc) is thought to be associated with the pathogenesis. An RNA aptamer that tightly binds and stabilizes PrPC expected block this thereby prevent diseases. Here, we show comprising only 12 residues, r(GGAGGAGGAGGA) (R12), reduces PrPSc level in mouse neuronal cells persistently infected transmissible encephalopathy agent. Nuclear...

Abstract A novel bifacial ligand‐bearing nucleobase, 5‐hydroxyuracil ( U OH ), which forms both a hydrogen‐bonded base pair –A) and metal‐mediated –M– ) has been developed. The pairs were quantitatively formed in the presence of lanthanide ions such as Gd III when – consecutively incorporated into DNA duplexes. This result established metal‐assisted duplex stabilization well DNA‐templated assembly ions. Notably, possessing –A was destabilized by addition observation suggests that...

Rice straw (RS), an agricultural residue rich in carbohydrates, has substantial potential for bioethanol production. However, the presence of lignin impedes access to these hindering efficient carbohydrate-to-bioethanol conversion. Here, we expressed versatile peroxidase (VP), a lignin-degrading enzyme, Pichia pastoris and used it delignify RS at 30 °C using membrane bioreactor that continuously discarded degraded lignin. Klason analysis revealed VP-treatment led 35% delignification RS. We...

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D, also known as AUF1, has two DNA/RNA-binding domains, each of which can specifically bind to single-stranded d(TTAGGG)n, the human telomeric repeat. Here, structure C-terminal-binding domain (BD2) complexed with d(TTAGGG) determined by NMR is presented. The revealed that residue d(TAG) segment recognized BD2 in a base-specific manner. interactions deduced from have been confirmed gel retardation experiments mutant and DNA. It DNA repeat tends form...

The first observation of NMR signals DNA/RNA introduced into living human cells by means pore formation SLO and resealing.

Musashi-1 (Msi1) controls the maintenance of stem cells and tumorigenesis through binding to its target mRNAs subsequent translational regulation. Msi1 has two RNA-binding domains (RBDs), RBD1 RBD2, which recognize r(GUAG) r(UAG), respectively. These minimal recognition sequences are connected by variable linkers in mRNAs, however, molecular mechanism recognizes targets is not yet understood. We previously determined solution structure RBD1:r(GUAGU) complex. Here, we first RBD2:r(GUAGU) The...

Excessive exposure of skin to UV-A (315–400 nm) and UV-B (280–315 radiation causes premature aging, inflammation, cancers. The harmful effects solar can be minimized using UV-absorbing agents. Most available organic agents are synthetic compounds. UV absorbers were developed herein from a reproducible biomass resource, lignin. Lignin is heterogeneous aromatic polymer with major absorption maximum in the UV-C (100–280 region but lacks absorption. To produce lignin, conjugated structures...

Manganese peroxidase (MnP) has been well studied for woody biomass degradation. MnP exhibits a biotechnological potential producing lignin-based materials through Kraft lignin (KL) polymerization. derived from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (CsMnP) is particularly intriguing as this fungus predominantly utilizes to degrade/modify lignin. Here, we investigated CsMnP's catalytic activity toward the phenolic β-O-4′ substructure, utilizing guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE) model substrate....

The utility of alcohol as a hydrogen bonding donor is considered providential avenue for moderating the high basicity and reactivity fluoride ion, typically used with large cations. However, practicality alcohol–fluoride systems in reactions hampered by limited understanding pertinent interactions between OH group F–. Therefore, this study comparatively investigates thermal, structural, physical properties CsF–2-propanol CsF–1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol to explicate effects fluoroalkyl...

The conformations of double-stranded d(GGAAATTTCC) x 2, d(GGTTTAAACC) d(CGCAAAAAAGCG)d(CGCTTTTTTGCG) and d(GCATTTTGAAACG)d(CGTTTCAAAATGC) have been studied by NMR spectroscopy. Analyses cross peaks in NOESY spectra between the H2 an adenine H1' a deoxyribose 3'-neighbouring residue on complementary strand revealed that minor groove oligo(dA) tract is compressed gradually from 5' to 3' each duplex. In view this gradual compression along tract, it can be understood clearly why d(GGAAATTTCC)n 2...

Human vaults are the largest cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein and overexpressed in cancer cells. Vaults reportedly function extrusion of xenobiotics from nuclei resistant cells, but interactions with vault-associated proteins or non-coding RNAs have never been directly observed. In present study, we show that vault (vRNAs), specifically hvg-1 hvg-2 RNAs, bind to a chemotherapeutic compound, mitoxantrone. Using an in-line probing assay (spontaneous transesterification RNA linkages), identified...