A5101926833- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- interferon and immune responses
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Empathy and Medical Education
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Global trade, sustainability, and social impact
- IgG4-Related and Inflammatory Diseases
- Agriculture and Farm Safety
- Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
The Pirbright Institute
2010-2024
University of California, Los Angeles
2020-2022
New York University
2021
Tufts Medical Center
1987
Tufts University
1987
Non-enveloped viruses must deliver their viral genome across a cell membrane without the advantage of fusion. The mechanisms used to achieve this remain poorly understood. Human rhinovirus, frequent cause common cold, is non-enveloped virus picornavirus family, which includes other significant pathogens such as poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. During entry, small myristoylated capsid protein VP4 released from virus, interacts with implicated in delivery RNA into cytoplasm...
Field strains of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) use a number alpha(v)-integrins as receptors to initiate infection on cultured cells, and integrins are believed be the used target epithelial cells in animals. In this study, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy real-time RT-PCR were investigate expression two integrin FMDV, alpha(v)beta6 alpha(v)beta3, within various epithelia targeted by cattle. These studies show that is expressed constitutively surfaces at sites where infectious...
Acid dependent infection of Hela and Vero cells by BTV-10 occurs from within early-endosomes following virus uptake clathrin-mediated endocytosis (Forzan et al., 2007: J Virol 81: 4819–4827). Here we report that BTV-1 BHK is also on a low endosomal pH; however, entry were not inhibited dominant-negative mutants Eps15, AP180 or the 'aa' splice variant dynamin-2, which shown to inhibit endocytosis. In addition, was depletion cellular cholesterol, suggests mediated lipid-raft process such as...
Abstract Background The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) has spread more rapidly than any other betacoronavirus including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, the mechanisms responsible for infection molecular evolution of this virus remained unclear. Methods We collected analyzed 120 genomic sequences 2019-nCoV 11 genomes from patients in China. Through comprehensive analysis available genome strains, we have tracked multiple inheritable SNPs determined relative to coronaviruses....
The RNA genomes of picornaviruses are translated into single polyproteins which subsequently cleaved structural and non-structural protein products. For genetic economy, proteins processing intermediates have evolved to perform distinct functions. picornavirus precursor protein, P3, is produce membrane-associated 3A, primer peptide 3B, protease 3Cpro polymerase 3Dpol. Uniquely, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) encodes three similar copies 3B (3B1-3), thus providing a convenient natural...
Picornaviruses are non-enveloped RNA viruses that enter cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Because they lack an envelope, picornaviruses face the challenge of delivering their genomes across membrane endocytic vesicle into cytoplasm to initiate infection. Currently, mechanism genome release and translocation membranes remains poorly understood. Within enterovirus genus, poliovirus, rhinovirus 2, 16 have been proposed intact endosomal through virally induced pores, whereas one study has...
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) belongs to the Aphthovirus genus of Picornaviridae, a family small, icosahedral, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses. It is highly infectious pathogen and one biggest hindrances international trade animals animal products. FMDV capsids (which are unstable below pH6.5) release their genome into host cell from an acidic compartment, such as that endosome, in process dissociate pentamers. Whilst other members (enteroviruses) have been visualized form...
Non-coding regions of viral RNA (vRNA) genomes are critically important in the regulation gene expression. In particular, pseudoknot (PK) structures, which present a wide range molecules, have variety roles. The 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vRNA is considerably longer than other viruses from picornavirus family and consists number distinctive structural motifs that includes multiple (2, 3 or 4 depending on strain) putative PKs linked tandem. role(s)...
Vaccination remains the most effective tool for control of foot-and-mouth disease both in endemic countries and as an emergency preparedness new outbreaks. Foot-and-mouth vaccines are chemically inactivated virus preparations production is critically dependent upon cell culture adaptation field viruses, which can prove problematic. A major driver receptor availability. Field isolates (FMDV) use RGD-dependent integrins receptors, whereas often selects variants with altered preferences....
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection stimulates a type I interferon (IFN-I) response in host cells that exerts antiviral effects by inducing the expression of hundreds IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, most ISGs are poorly studied for their roles IAV. Herein, we demonstrate SERTA domain containing 3 (SERTAD3) has significant inhibitory effect on IAV replication vitro. More importantly, Sertad3−/− mice develop more severe symptoms upon infection. Mechanistically, find SERTAD3 reduces through...
ABSTRACT The usefulness of computerized tomography (CT scanning) in managing orbital cellulitis is analyzed six cases. What appears as abscess on CT scan may not be confirmed at surgery. Careful clinical evaluation and responsiveness to antibiotic therapy are most important determining the need for surgical intervention.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of global disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contains a unique, four amino acid (aa) "PRRA" insertion in spike (S) protein that creates transmembrane protease serine (TMPRSS2)/furin cleavage site and enhances viral infectivity. More research into immunogenic epitopes protective antibodies against this SARS-CoV-2 furin is needed.Combining computational experimental methods, we identified characterized an epitope...
RNA structures can form functional elements that play crucial roles in the replication of positive-sense viruses. While untranslated regions (UTRs) several picornaviruses have been functionally characterized, putative predicted for protein coding sequences (or open reading frames [ORFs]) remain largely undefined. Here, we undertaken a bioinformatic analysis foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome to predict 53 conserved within ORF. Forty-six these were located encoding nonstructural...
Secondary and tertiary RNA structures play key roles in genome replication of single-stranded positive sense viruses. Complex, functional are particularly abundant the untranslated regions picornaviruses, where they involved initiation translation, priming new strand synthesis circularization. The 5' UTR foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is predicted to include a c. 360 nucleotide-long stem-loop, termed short (S) fragment. This structure highly conserved essential for viral replication,...
<h3>Outcomes</h3> 1. Identify the potential mechanisms by which palliative care impacts visit satisfaction and overall wellbeing of people with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). 2. Describe interventions beyond specialist that may similarly impact individuals HS. <h3>Key Message</h3> The through (PC) affects patient remain under investigated across populations. Using qualitative methods, we identified Hidradenitis (HS) perceive benefit from PC four mechanisms: 1) active listening, 2) symptom...
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects economically important livestock and is one of the most contagious viral diseases. The commonly used FMD diagnostic assay a sandwich ELISA. However, main disadvantage this ELISA that it requires anti-FMD virus (FMDV) serotype-specific antibodies raised in small animals. This problem can be, part, overcome by using anti-FMDV monoclonal (MAbs) as detecting reagents. long-term use MAbs may be problematic they need to replaced. Here we have constructed...
Abstract The positive stranded RNA genomes of picornaviruses comprise a single large open reading frame flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has an unusually UTR (1.3 kb) containing five structural domains. These include the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), which facilitates initiation translation, cis-acting replication element ( cre) . Less well characterised structures are terminal 360 nucleotide stem-loop, variable length poly-C-tract...
Abstract Secondary and tertiary RNA structures play key roles in genome replication of single stranded positive sense viruses. Complex, functional are particularly abundant the untranslated regions picornaviruses, where they involved initiation translation, priming new strand synthesis circularisation. The 5′ UTR foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is predicted to include a c. 360 nucleotide-long stem-loop, termed short (S) fragment. This structure highly conserved essential for viral...