We describe the lethal, recessive accelerated-cell-death11 Arabidopsis mutant (acd11). Cell death in acd11 exhibits characteristics of animal apoptosis monitored by flow cytometry, and constitutively expresses defense-related genes that accompany hypersensitive response normally triggered avirulent pathogens. Global transcriptional changes during programmed cell (PCD) defense activation were cDNA microarray hybridization. The PCD pathways activated are salicylic acid (SA) dependent, but do...

Abstract We show that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors lead to functional expression of MHC class I–related chain A and B (MICA/B) on cancer cells, making them potent targets for natural killer (NK) cell–mediated killing through a NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) restricted mechanism. Blocking either apoptosis or oxidative stress caused by HDAC inhibitor treatment did not affect MICA/B expression, suggesting involvement separate signal pathway directly coupled induction cell death. induced...

ABSTRACT Well-characterised mouse models of disease may provide valuable insights into pathophysiology. This study characterises the Townes model sickle cell (SCD) and establishes a time window in which is present but does not progress significantly terms severity. We examined mice with HbAA, HbAS, HbSS genotypes from young (4 weeks) to mature (5 months) stages life assess state at different ages any progression. conducted blood tests, histological organ damage evaluations, metabolic...

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to cytokine growth factor stimulation cell surface receptors. STATs hereafter translocated the nucleus where they act as factors. Recent reports suggest that serine phosphorylation also is involved regulation STAT-mediated gene transcription. Here, we studied role serine/threonine phosphatases STAT3 signaling human antigen-specific CD4 + T lines cutaneous lymphoma lines,...

Early-life interventions in the intestinal environment have previously been shown to influence diabetes incidence. We therefore hypothesized that a gluten-free (GF) diet, known decrease incidence of type 1 diabetes, would protect against development when fed only during pregnancy and lactation period. Pregnant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were GF or standard diet until all pups weaned diet. The early-life dramatically decreased insulitis. Gut microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing...

Abstract Delivery mode has been associated with long-term changes in gut microbiota composition and more recently also the immune system. This further suggested to link Cesarean section (C-section) an increased risk for development of immune-mediated diseases such as type 1 diabetes. In this study, we demonstrate that both C-section cross-fostering a genetically distinct strain influence key markers mice. Gut profiling by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 454/FLX-based 16S rRNA gene...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with underlying defects in epidermal function and immune responses. In this study, we used microarray analysis to investigate differences gene expression lesional from patients mild extrinsic or intrinsic AD compared healthy controls psoriasis skin. The primary aim was identify differentially expressed genes involved barrier formation inflammation, compare our results those reported for moderate severe AD. contrast AD, of the...

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic used clinically for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. The emergence daptomycin-nonsusceptible S. isolates during therapy often associated with multiple genetic changes; however, relative contributions these changes to resistance and other phenotypic usually remain unclear. present study was undertaken investigate this issue using genetically characterized series four isogenic clinical MRSA strains derived...

The present cephalometric study aimed to describe the antero-posterior diameters of pharyngeal airway in a sample 50 male obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients and reference 103 students, examine relationship between these posture head cervical column. Subjects were recorded cephalometer standing with its natural position (mirror position). Pharyngeal measured at seven levels ranging from maxillary tuberosity vallecula epiglottis. largest difference was observed level behind soft palate...

One of the most common zoonotic helminth infections is caused by species in genus Toxocara, particularly Toxocara canis and T. cati (Syn. mystax). However, their relative contribution to toxocarosis humans remains largely unknown because causative larvae are seldom recovered uncertainties regarding validity existing serological assays. In this study, we used sera from a pig model experimentally infected with evaluate whether Western blot could discriminate between two species. No proteins...

SCFAs are primarily produced in the colon by bacterial fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates. Besides providing energy, can suppress development cancer. The mechanism, however, remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that SCFA propionate upregulates surface expression immune stimulatory NKG2D ligands, MICA/B imposing metabolic changes dividing cells. Propionate-mediated did not rely on GPR41/GPR43 receptors but depended functional mitochondria. By siRNA-directed knockdown, could further...

Despite progress in schistosomiasis control during recent decades endemic areas, this parasitic blood-fluke infection continues to pose a substantial public health burden. In depth understanding of the mechanisms behind complex immunopathology and drivers morbidity is urgently needed. Chronic with blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni manifests most severe pathology relation egg-induced host immune responses fibrosis development. Host homeostasis influenced by commensal gut microbiota, which may...

NKG2D ligand surface expression is important for immune recognition of stressed and neotransformed cells. In this study, we show that MICA/B other ligands dependent on N-linked glycosylation. The inhibitor glycolysis glycosylation, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), potently inhibited after histone deacetylase treatment; the inhibition occurred posttranscriptionally without affecting MICA promoter activity. Transient overexpression was also by 2DG. 2DG blocks glycosylation a reversible mechanism can...

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are one of a few cell types in the body with constitutive surface expression natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands, although magnitude ligand by IECs varies. Here, we investigated whether gut microbiota regulates NKG2D on small IECs. Germ-free and ampicillin-treated mice were shown to have significant increase expression. Interestingly, vancomycin treatment, which propagated bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila reduced level IFN-γ IL-15 intestine,...

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are present in high numbers of lactating women. They beneficial to gut health and the habitant microbiota, but less is known about their effect on cells from immune system. In this study, we investigated direct three structurally different HMOs human derived macrophages before challenge with Staphylococcus aureus ( S. ). The study demonstrates that individual HMO structures potently affect activation, differentiation development monocyte-derived response ....

Abstract The cellular and humoral immune system is critically dependent upon CD40-CD154 (CD40 ligand) interactions between CD40 expressed on B cells, macrophages, dendritic CD154 primarily CD4 T cells. Previous studies have shown that transiently cells after cell receptor engagement in vitro. However, we found stimulation of PBLs with maximal CD28 costimulation, using beads coupled to Abs against CD3 CD28, led a very prolonged expression (>4 days) was autocrine IL-2 production....

Cross-linking of MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules on human T cells induces signal-transduction events, including activation tyrosine kinases, phosphorylation phospholipase C-gamma 1, and elevation the intracellular free calcium concentration. In this study, we demonstrate that ZAP70 kinase is phosphorylated in Jurkat purified peripheral after MHC-I ligation. The tyrosine-phosphorylated exhibits a particular phenotype with low affinities for proteins at 21, 40, 60, 120 kDa, normally...

Ligation of major histocompatability complex class I (MHC-I) molecules expressed on T cells leads to both growth arrest and apoptosis. The aim the current study was investigate intracellular signal pathways that mediate these effects. MHC-I ligation human Jurkat induced a morphologically distinct form apoptosis within 6 h. A specific caspase inhibitor, which inhibited Fas-induced apoptosis, did not affect by ligation. Furthermore, MHC-I-induced involve cleavage activation poly(ADP- ribose)...

Abstract An early biochemical event associated with T cell activation through the interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) is tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates. The exact mechanism by which IL‐2 regulates transcription different genes presently unknown. Here, we report that stimulation IL‐2R induced and subsequent nuclear translocation stat3, a newly identified member signal transducers activators (STAT) family proteins. In contrast, stat1 proteins were not phosphorylated...

Abstract In this study, we characterize the molecular signal pathways that lead to MHC class I chain-related protein A (MICA) expression after histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitor (HDAC-i) treatment of Jurkat T cells. Chelating calcium with BAPTA-AM or EGTA potently inhibited HDAC- and CMV-mediated MICA/B expression. It was further observed endoplasmic reticulum stores were depleted HDAC treatment. NF-κB activity can be induced by However, nuclear translocation p65 not cells even though...

The aim of this work was to compare different selenium species for their ability induce cell death in cancer lines, while investigating the underlying chemistry by speciation analysis. A prostate line (PC-3), a colon (HT-29) and leukaemia (Jurkat E6-1) were incubated with five compounds representing inorganic as well organic Se oxidation states. Selenomethionine (SeMet), Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys), methylseleninic acid (MeSeA), selenite selenate concentration range 5-100 μM cells 24 h...

Ascaris suum is a helminth parasite of pigs closely related to its human counterpart, A. lumbricoides, which infects almost 1 billion people. thought modulate host immune and inflammatory responses, may drive hyporesponsiveness during chronic infections. Using transcriptomic analysis, we show here that with infection have substantial suppression pathways in the intestinal mucosa, broad downregulation genes encoding cytokines antigen-processing costimulatory molecules. body fluid (ABF)...