Abstract The functions of cohesin are central to genome integrity, chromosome organization and transcription regulation through its prevention premature sister-chromatid separation the formation DNA loops. loading onto chromatin depends on Scc2–Scc4 complex; however, little is known about how it stimulates cohesion-loading activity. Here we determine large ‘hook’ structure Scc2 responsible for catalysing loading. We identify key surfaces that crucial in vivo . With aid previously determined...

Abstract C 5 H 10 ClNO 3 , orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 8.2012(1) Å, b 11.2215(2) c 16.8339(3) V 1549.22(4) Å Z 8, R gt ( F ) 0.0473, w ref 2 0.1331, T 297 K.

Abstract C 4 H 11 ClN 2 O, orthorhombic, P 1 (no. 19), a = 4.9699(1) Å, b 7.5867(2) c 17.3719(4) V 655.01(3) Å 3 , Z 4, R gt (F) 0.0286, wR ref (F ) 0.0796, T 200 K.

Microbial sulfur-containing secondary metabolites show various biological activities, but the C-S bond-forming in their biosynthetic metabolism has not been thoroughly understood. Here, we present genetic, biochemical and structural characterization of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CxnD exhibiting bond forming activity S-heterocyclization chuangxinmycin biosynthesis. In vivo vitro analyses demonstrated that generated an indole-fused dihydrothiopyran skeleton from L-Trp-derived thiol...

Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. and var. biloba Wils, as the legal botanical origins of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, are almost impossible to distinguish according their appearance traits with respect medicinal bark. The application AFLP molecular markers for differentiating two has not yet been successful. In this study, a combination e-nose measurements, e-tongue chemical analyses coupled multiple-source data fusion was used differentiate origins. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA)...

Laticifers are highly specialized cells that synthesize and store natural rubber. Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) contain both primary secondary laticifers. Morphological functional differences between the two types of laticifers largely unknown, but such information is important for breeding cultivation practices. comparison using paraffin sections revealed only distribution differences: were distributed randomly, while in concentric rings. Using isolated laticifer networks,...

Background Herein, we aimed to present evidence that Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic acid, can alleviate high glucose (HG)-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis and protect retina in db/db mice. Methods ARPE-19 cells (a human RPE line) were divided into four groups: control group; HG group (30 mmol/L glucose); HG+FA 10 FA). Cell viability detected using CCK-8 Annexin-5 staining, respectively. Apoptosis-related markers including P53, BAX Bcl2 examined by RT-qPCR, western blot...

Polygonummultiflorum (PM) Thunb., a typical Chinese herbal medicine with different therapeutic effect in raw and processed forms, has been used worldwide for thousands of years. However, hepatotoxicity caused by PM raised considerable concern recent decades. The exploration toxic components great challenge long time. In this study, we developed stepwise strategy integrating metabolomics pseudotargeted spectrum-effect relationship to illuminate the potential hepatotoxic PM. First, 112 were...

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically explore the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) type, content and risk assessment in three Boraginaceae used TCM, involving Arnebia euchroma (AE), A. guttata (AG), Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE). Method: A UHPLC-MS/MS method established simultaneously determine eight (PAs), namely intermedine, lycopsamine, intermedine N-oxide, lycopsamine 7-acetyllycopsamine, 7-acetyllycopsamine echimidine herbs. Based on these results, explored using routine...

AntiSMASH analysis of genome DNA Streptomyces CPCC 204980, a soil isolate with potent antibacterial activity, revealed gene cluster for polycyclic xanthones. A subsequent chemical study confirmed that the microorganism produced xanthone cervinomycin A2 (1) and new congeners cervinomycins B1–4 (2–5). The structures 1–5 were determined by comprehensive analyses MS NMR data, which indicated 2–5 featured common dihydro-D ring in core moiety their molecules. are toxic to human cancer cells active...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs that regulate targeted mRNAs by post-transcription; thus, miRNAs considered post-transcription regulators. Although numerous have been found in model plants, information on banana is limited. In this study, 139 members 38 miRNA families were determined sequencing the RNA (sRNA) transcriptomes Fusarium wilt-resistant and susceptible varieties, six out eight new confirmed RT-PCR. According to sRNA transcriptome data qRT-PCR...

In natural systems, litter typically undergoes decomposition as species mixtures, with composition and richness affecting processes ecosystem functioning. this study, we collected measured leaf samples from 25 traps within a 1 ha permanent forest dynamics plot 396 in three sites. Our objective was to investigate the temporal spatial pattern of litterfall an old-growth evergreen broad-leaved forest. Mean annual study area 4.31 ± 0.46 Mg/ha. A total 61 tree were recorded mixtures 1-ha plot,...

Actinosynnema is a small but well-known genus of actinomycetes for production ansamitocin, the payload component antibody-drug conjugates against cancers. However, secondary metabolite profile pretiosum ATCC 31565, most famous producer has never been fully explored. Our antiSMASH analysis genomic DNA 31565 revealed NRPS-PKS gene cluster polyene macrolactam. The very similar to clusters mirilactam and salinilactam, two 26-membered macrolactams from mirum Salinispora tropica, respectively....

Abstract Fruit color influences fruit quality and commodity value. Most longan ( Dimocarpus Lour.) varieties have a yellowish-brown or grayish-yellow pericarp, the discovery of red pericarp (RP) expanded fruit. Our previous research showed that RP was mainly caused by anthocyanin accumulation; however, its underlying regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Herein, DlMYB113, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, discovered examining differentially expressed genes in two cultivars. MYB (v-myb avian...

Abstract Background The raw and processed roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) are commonly used in clinical practice to treat diverse diseases; however, reports hepatotoxicity induced by Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) Praeparata (PMRP) have emerged worldwide. Thus, it is necessary for researchers explore methods improve quality standards ensure their treatment effects. Methods In the present study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry...

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are toxins having hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects on human health. A ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique was developed for the first time simultaneous determination of eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids, including four diastereoisomers (intermedine, lycopsamine, rinderine, echinatine) their respective N-oxide forms, in different parts Eupatorium lindleyanum. The risk assessment method lindleyanum explored using margin...

American ginseng (AG) is a valuable medicine widely consumed as herbal remedy throughout the world. Huge price difference among AG with different growth years leads to intentional adulteration for higher profits. Thus, developing reliable approaches authenticate cultivation ages of products great use in preventing age falsification.A total 106 batches samples along their 9 physicochemical features were collected and measured from experiments, which was then split into training set two test...

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is a producing crop and contains specialized laticifers. MADS-box genes are family of transcription factor that regulate plant development, especially floral organ gametophyte development. 97 were identified in the through transcriptomes genome mining. 93.8% mapped onto scaffolds correspondence to coverage (93.8%) current version sequenced genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicates type II have been more actively duplicated than their orthologous...

Chlorella vulgaris ITBBA3-12 was isolated from the rubber processing wastewater and has a role in purification. Its complete mitogenome contains 88754 bp, with G + C content of 29.7%. A total 64 genes were annotated, including 34 protein-coding genes, 27 tRNA three rRNA (rrn23, rrn16, rrn5). Phylogenetic analysis using mitogenomes Trebouxiophyceae species indicated that strain is closely related to C. UTEX259 NJ-7, they clustered lineage.