The involvement of epigenetic alterations in mediating effects estrogens on memory is unknown. present study determined whether histone acetylation and DNA methylation are critical for the potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) to enhance object recognition memory. We show that dorsal hippocampal E infusion increases H3, but not H4—an effect blocked by inhibition ERK activation. Further, intrahippocampal activation or methyltransferase (DNMT) activity memory-enhancing . Consistent with these...

We previously demonstrated that dorsal hippocampal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation is necessary for 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) to enhance novel object recognition in young ovariectomized mice (Fernandez et al., 2008). Here, we asked whether E has similar memory-enhancing effects middle-aged and aged mice, these depend on ERK phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activation. first intracerebroventricular or intrahippocampal infusion immediately after training enhanced...

Purpose: To investigate the retinal vascular network alterations in highly myopic eyes. Methods: Thirty-three eyes from 21 subjects and 47 mildly or emmetropic 24 healthy control were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to image superficial, deep, whole plexuses at macular region. Highly eye images analyzed after adjusting ocular magnification using Bennett's formula. Fractal analysis (box counting method, Dbox) representing vessel density performed different...

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is an important regulator protein synthesis and essential for various forms hippocampal memory. Here, we asked whether the enhancement object recognition memory consolidation produced by dorsal infusion 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) dependent on mTOR in hippocampus, E -induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. We first demonstrated that induced was blocked inhibition ERK, PI3K, or...

Histone acetylation has recently been implicated in learning and memory processes, yet necessity of histone for such processes not demonstrated using pharmacological inhibitors acetyltransferases (HATs). As such, the present study tested whether garcinol, a potent HAT inhibitor vitro, could impair hippocampal consolidation block memory-enhancing effects modulatory hormone 17β-estradiol E2. We first showed that bilateral infusion garcinol (0.1, 1, or 10 μg/side) into dorsal hippocampus (DH)...

Purpose: To determine the ability of fractal dimension to detect early changes in retinal microvascular network imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with mellitus (DM) (48 no retinopathy [DR], 19 minimal DR) and 40 control subjects. Macular OCT-A images superficial deep capillary layers a 2.5-mm diameter concentric annular zone (excluding foveal avascular zone) were subdivided into six rings four quadrants. A...

The nature and severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies in the retina brain correspond. However, retinal biomarkers need to be validated clinical cohorts with confirmed AD optical coherence tomography (OCT). main objective this study was investigate whether metrics measured by OCT aid early screening pathology monitoring for AD. This a case–control study. All participants underwent imaging, neurological examinations, including amyloid-β (Aβ) positron emission tomography. Participants...

purpose. To investigating the role of mitochondrial haplotypes in development Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) associated with ND4 G11778A mutation Chinese families. methods. A three-generation family LHON was studied by clinical and genetic evaluation as well molecular biochemical analysis (mt)DNA. results. This exhibits a high penetrance expressivity visual impairment. The average age at onset 13.9 years this family. Of members, 86% male 29% female matrilineal relatives had loss,...

Objectives HIV self‐testing ( HIVST ) offers an opportunity to increase testing among people not reached by facility‐based services. However, the promotion of is limited as a consequence insufficient community engagement. We built social entrepreneurship SET model promote linkage care Chinese men who have sex with MSM in Guangzhou. Methods The includes few key steps. Each participant first completed online survey, and paid US $23 (refundable) deposit receive kit syphilis SST kit. After...

We report on a real-time acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) system to map the relative elasticity of corneal tissue. A modulated ARF is used as excitation vibrate cornea, while OCE serves detection tissue response. To show feasibility detecting mechanical contrast using this method, we performed tissue-equivalent agarose phantom studies with inclusions different stiffness. obtained 3-D elastograms healthy cornea and highly cross-linked cornea. Finally, induced...

To develop an automated classification system using a machine learning classifier to distinguish clinically unaffected eyes in patients with keratoconus from normal control population based on combination of Scheimpflug camera images and ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) imaging data.A total 121 participants were classified by 2 cornea experts into 3 groups: (50 eyes), (38 eyes) or subclinical (33 eyes). All imaged UHR-OCT. Corneal morphological features extracted...

Abstract Wound healing remains a critical challenge in regenerative engineering. Great efforts are devoted to develop functional patches for wound healing. Herein, novel sprayable black phosphorus (BP)‐based multifunctional hydrogel with on‐demand removability is presented as joints’ skin dressing. The facilely prepared by mixing dopamine‐modified oxidized hyaluronic acid, cyanoacetategroup‐functionalized dextran containing phosphorus, and the catalyst histidine. catechol‐containing dopamine...

Using traditional Chinese medicine residues as raw materials, different biochars (BC) were prepared through oxygen-limited pyrolysis at 300 °C, 500 and 700 BC was ball-milled to produce biochar (BMC). these adsorbents adsorb the allelopathic autotoxic substance quercetin. The physical chemical properties of various derived from characterized using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller-N2 surface areas (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction...

No new estimates of HIV infection have been available for China since 2003. However, then, data availability has increased dramatically.To use internationally recommended methods to make the number people exposed in China, living with HIV, and infections deaths 2005.The UNAIDS Workbook method was adapted meet needs China. Local were used estimate size each risk population prevalence by group every prefecture. These combined into provincial national estimates. The Estimates Projections...

Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD), a leading cause of human blindness worldwide, is exceptionally heterogeneous with clinical heterogeneity and genetic variety. During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to explore complex heterogeneity, massive mutations identified in different genes underlying IRD significant advancement sequencing technology. In this study, we developed comprehensive database, 'RetinoGenetics', which contains informative knowledge about all known...

To investigate changes of corneal thickness at the vertical and horizontal meridians wavefront aberrations (WA) over a 30-day period overnight myopia orthokeratology (OK) lens wear.Sixteen subjects (11 women, 5 men, 26.3±3.2 years) were enrolled fitted for OK lenses. Long scan depth optical coherence tomography was used to measure profiles both baseline on days 1, 7, 30 days. Corneal ocular WA 6-mm pupil measured root-mean-square (RMS) astigmatism, coma, spherical aberration (SA), total...

Schwann cells (SCs) are hitherto regarded as the most promising candidates for viable cell-based therapy to peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries or degenerative diseases. However, extreme drawbacks of transplanting autologous SCs clinical applications still represent a significant bottleneck in neural regenerative medicine, mainly owing need sacrificing functional nerve generate and nature slow expansion SCs. Thus, it is great importance establish an alternative cell generation...

To investigate early retinal structural and microvascular changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) to analyze relationships among the structure, microvasculature, choroid.Seventy-seven DM (40 no diabetic retinopathy [DR], 37 nonproliferative [NPDR]), 34 control subjects were enrolled. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, operating radial 18-line mode, obtained macular images of eight intraretinal layers choroid. The same system was equipped Angiovue obtain angiography...

Abstract Ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) can image the corneal epithelium and Bowman’s layer measurement thicknesses. The purpose of this study was to validate diagnostic power vertical thickness profiles imaged by UHR-OCT in diagnosis sub-clinical keratoconus (KC). Each eye 37 KC patients, asymptomatic fellow eyes 32 patients each 81 normal subjects were enrolled. Vertical measured UHR-OCT. Diagnostic indices calculated from output values discriminant functions...