A5061146630- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Health and Well-being Studies
- Interpreting and Communication in Healthcare
- Digital Innovation in Industries
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
University of Cambridge
2024
University of Cape Town
2013-2024
Groote Schuur Hospital
2022
Mental Health Research Institute
2019
Neuroscience Institute
2019
Klinikum Stuttgart
2018
Katharinenhospital
2018
University of Arizona
2013
Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) criteria are frequently used to describe cognitive impairment in persons living with HIV (PLWH) across diverse populations globally. These typically find 20–60% of PLWH meet for HAND, which does not tally clinical observations the modern era that present relatively infrequently. Most HAND have asymptomatic impairment; however, significance low test performance without symptoms is uncertain. Methods...
We explored the prevalence of HIV infection in older rural South Africans and its associations, as well point dementia associations with aging.We utilized a cross-sectional analytic design.Using brief Community Screening Instrument for Dementia together rapid test, we conducted home-based screening survey among 1150 Africans. dementia, their using descriptive statistics logistic regression analysis.The was 4.78%. Overall, participants were on average 71.3 years old, nearly 70% having no...
Cognitive impairment is reported as a common complication in adult tuberculous meningitis (TBM), yet few studies have systematically assessed the frequency and nature of impairment. Moreover, impact on functioning medication adherence has not been described.A cognitive test battery (10 measures assessing 7 domains) was administered to 34 participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated TBM 6 months after diagnosis. performance compared that comparator group 66 people HIV...
Previous research demonstrates that stress can disrupt a number of different cognitive systems, including verbal memory, working and decision-making. Few previous studies have investigated relations between visuospatial information processing, however, none examined among stress, memory performance, planning/organisation simultaneously. In total, 38 undergraduate males completed the copy trial Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. Those assigned randomly to Stress group ( n = 19) were then...
Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of tuberculosis with a mortality ~50% in those co-infected HIV-1. Current antibiotic regimens are based on known to be effective pulmonary TB and do not account for differing ability drugs penetrate central nervous system (CNS). The host immune response drives pathology TBM, yet host-directed therapies scarce. There sufficient data suggest that higher doses rifampicin (RIF), additional linezolid (LZD) adjunctive aspirin (ASA)...
Objective: To investigate whether psychosocial factors account for a proportion of the difference in cognitive performance between persons with and without HIV. Design: Cross-sectional study 273 participants (178 HIV) from low income area Cape Town, South Africa, Methods: Participants completed comprehensive testing (7 domains) 12 measures (5 current: income, occupation, assets, accommodation, depressive symptoms, 7 childhood: quality education, exposure to childhood trauma violence, primary...
Men often make riskier decisions than women across a wide range of real-life behaviors. Whether this sex difference is accentuated, diminished, or stable under stressful conditions is, however, contested in the scientific literature. A critical blind spot lies amid contestation: Most studies use standardized, laboratory-based, cognitive measures decision making rather complex social simulation tasks to assess risk-related behavior. To address spot, we investigated effects acute psychosocial...
The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) has been adapted for use in many different languages and low- middle-income countries. However, few adaptations have evaluated performance differences between home- acquired-language administrations. present study examined on an HVLT-R multilingual South Africans who chose to be tested a home or acquired language. was administered 112 multilingual, isiXhosa as language, Black African adults (49% men) with no major medical, neurological,...
Abstract Depression and cognitive impairment, which commonly coexist in people with HIV (PWH), have been identified as potential barriers to optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We investigated associations between performance, depression (as well other sociodemographic, psychosocial psychiatric variables) ART adherence a South African cohort of PWH comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). Cognitive performance were assessed at two time points 8 months apart ( N baseline = 105,...
The intellectually demanding modern workplace is often dependent on good cognitive health, yet there little understanding of how neurocognitive dysfunction related to HIV presents in employed individuals working high-risk vocations such as driving. HIV-associated impairment also associated with poorer long-term cognitive, and employment outcomes.This study, set Cape Town, South Africa, assessed the effects neuropsychological test performance male professional drivers.We administered a...
Abstract Background Accurate assessment of cognitive impairment in low‐income settings may require consideration complex psychosocial variables (PV). Failure to consider the association PV with biological factors, such as HIV, could lead false classification impairment. We investigated impact on performance people HIV (PWH) and without a area Cape Town, South Africa. Method 273 (178 PWH) participants were recruited 185 (145 followed‐up at 1‐year. relationship between comprehensive testing (7...
Abstract Background Socioeconomic deprivation has been associated with shorter survival and an earlier loss of functional independence in patients Alzheimer’s disease dementia. However, the effect on outcomes Parkinson’s (PD) syndromes frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are largely unknown. Prognosis these neurodegenerative diseases is variable difficult to predict despite multiple known sociodemographic, clinical genetic predictors. Using data from three long‐term prospective incident...