Abstract Although speech declines rapidly in some individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), longitudinal changes have rarely been characterized. The study objectives were to model the rate of decline speaking and intelligibility as a function disease onset site, sex, age at 166 ALS; estimate time loss from symptom onset. We also examined association between clinical (speaking rate/intelligibility) measures patient-reported ALS progression (ALSFRS-R). Speech declined faster...

The APOE-E4 allele is a genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. Beyond cognitive decline, affects motor function, reducing muscle strength and coordination, potentially through mitochondrial dysfunction oxidative stress. This study examined the influence of on neuromuscular function in oral muscles involved speech production, using surface electromyography (EMG); assessed predictive power EMG measures differentiating carriers from noncarriers. Forty-two cognitively intact adults (16 carriers,...

Objective: To assess the utility of novel measures derived from a rapid syllable repetition task (i.e. oral dysdiadochokinesis [DDK]) in early stratification fast and slow progressive bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) prediction disease progression rate. Methods: Fifty-four individuals with ALS were tracked longitudinally on their DDK global bulbar/speech performance subscore Functional Rating Scale-Revised [ALSFRS-R]; articulation rate during passage reading) for four-month average...

Altered blood flow in the human brain is characteristic of typical aging. However, numerous factors contribute to inter-individual variation patterns throughout lifespan. To better understand mechanisms behind such variation, we studied how sex and APOE genotype, a primary genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), influence associations between age perfusion measures. We conducted cross-sectional study 562 participants from Human Connectome Project - Aging (36 >90 years age). found...

Purpose The objective was to determine velopharyngeal (VP) status of stop consonants and vowels produced by young children with repaired cleft palate (CP) typically developing (TD) from 12 18 months age. Method Nasal ram pressure (NRP) monitored in 9 (5 boys, 4 girls) CP or without lip TD at 12, 14, VP categorized as open closed for oral stops three contexts—consonant–vowel syllables, vowel–consonant–vowel isolated vowels—on the basis presence absence positive nasal pressure. Results At age,...

Alternating motion rate (AMR) is a standard measure often included in neurological examinations to assess orofacial neuromuscular integrity. AMR typically derived from recordings of patients producing repetitions single syllable as fast and clear possible on one breath. Because the task places high demands oromotor performance, particularly articulatory speed, AMRs are widely considered be tests maximum performance and, therefore, likely reveal underlying neurologic deficits. Despite decades...

Hypernasality and atypical voice characteristics are common features of dysarthric speech due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Existing acoustic measures have been developed primarily target either hypernasality or impairment, the effects co-occurring hypernasality-voice problems on these unknown. This report explores (a) extent which affected by concurrent perceptually identified impairment ALS (b) candidate early indicators in presence multisystem involvement individuals with...

Purpose This study investigated vocabulary growth from 18 to 24 months of age in young children with repaired cleft palate (CP), otitis media, and typically developing (TD) children. In addition, the contributions factors such as hearing level, middle ear status, size consonant inventory, maternal education gender development expressive were explored. Method Vocabulary 40 CP, 29 25 TD was measured using parent report on MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories: Words Sentences...

Respiratory failure, malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and dehydration are the precursors to mortality in ALS. Loss of natural communication is considered one worst aspects This first study test feasibility a music therapy protocol for bulbar respiratory rehabilitation ALS employs mixed-methods case series design with repeated measures. Newly diagnosed patients meeting inclusion criteria were invited participate, until desired sample size (n = 8) was achieved. The delivered participants...

Spectral moment analysis (SMA) was used to describe voiceless alveolar and velar stop-plosive production in Persian-speaking children with repaired cleft lip palate (CLP). Participants included 11 bilateral CLP who were undergoing maxillary expansion 20 without any type of orofacial clefts. Four the also exhibited backed (palatal) placement for stops. All produced consonant-vowel-consonant nonsense words that targeted plosives /t/ /k/. SMA revealed had significantly reduced first spectral...

Electrical analog study of the vocal tract has long time ago shown that nasalization can cause a drop 5–10 dB in overall vowel amplitude (House and Stevens, 1956). In this preliminary study, magnitude rising falling slope amplitudes from signal was introduced as new index to discriminate oral vowels nasalized vowels. Two speech samples /iti/ /iki/ were produced by two normal children age-matched with cleft lip palate hypernasal speech. Speech digitally recorded using microphone CSL software....

The main objective was to examine temporal parameters of stop-plosives in Persian-speaking children with repaired cleft lip and palate (CLP).Eleven bilateral CLP 20 typically-developing participated the study. Stop-gap duration (SGD) voice-onset time (VOT) were measured based on digital waveform spectrographic displays.Separate linear mixed model analyses showed significantly longer SGDs for all plosives word-mid final positions. Furthermore, tend produce VOTs voiceless...

Despite signs of facial nerve recovery within a few months following face transplantation, speech deficits persist for years. Behavioral modifications (e.g., slower-than-normal speaking rate and increased loudness) have shown promising potential to enhance intelligibility in populations with dysarthric speech. However, such evidence-based practice approach is lacking clinical management individuals transplantation. Because transplantation involves complex craniofacial reconstruction...

Objectives Although facial transplantation is considered effective for restoring appearance, research on speech outcomes following surgery limited. More critically needed to inform patients of expected rates and extent recovery, develop interventions aimed at improving outcomes. Methods Four in early recovery (3 weeks–24 months postsurgery) three late (36–60 were included. Clinical measures including intelligibility measured using the Sentence Intelligibility Test, a lip strength testing...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to use acoustic and kinematic speech measures characterize type motor impairment—apraxia (AOS) versus dysarthria—in individuals with four-repeat tauopathy (4RT)–associated syndromes, including nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), AOS (PPAOS), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), supranuclear palsy (PSPs). Method: Twenty patient participants were recruited stratified into two groups: (a) a motor-speech–impaired group nfvPPA, PPAOS, CBS, or PSPs...

Background: Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is an imaging technique widely used in the diagnosis of acute thromboembolism (PTE). Despite its disadvantages and potential risks, overuse CTPA has been a growing concern over past decades. Objectives: The objective this study was to investigate rate avoidable patients with suspected PTE identify factors contributing overuse. aimed highlight importance proper training for physicians using validated diagnostic algorithms minimize...

Many people living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) report restrictions in their day-to-day communication (communicative participation). However, little is known about which speech features contribute to these restrictions. This study evaluated the effects of common symptoms PALS (reduced overall speaking rate, slowed articulation and increased pausing) on communicative participation

Identifying biomarkers that could characterize typical from atypical aging is crucial for understanding the process. One of most significant genetic risk factors Alzheimer’s Disease, an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, presence apolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε4 allele. Here, we investigate impact APOE genotype on cortical hemodynamics in a large cohort participants across lifespan, accounting interacting effects age, sex, and cardiovascular risk. We found unique spatial patterns cerebral...

Introduction Cortical thinning is well-documented in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet its association speech deterioration remains understudied. This study characterizes anatomical changes the brain within context of impairment patterns ALS, providing insight into disease's multiregional spread and biology. Methods To evaluate cortical thickness speakers ALS without functional compared to healthy controls (HCs) using whole-brain region interest (ROI) analyses. Forty...

There are conflicting views regarding coarticulation in speech of children. Kent (1983) suggested that children’s is more “segmental” while Nittrouer et al. (1989) proposed young children has “syllabic organization” with syllables being units production. According to (1989), may demonstrate than adults. The purpose this study was examine nasal the infants over time. Nasal ram pressure (NRP) and audio signals were obtained from ten typically developing (five males five females) at 12, 14, 18...