A5077932027- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
- Public Health Policies and Education
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
University of Calgary
2013-2024
Calgary Laboratory Services
2021
University of Limerick
2017
Alberta Health Services
2014
Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health
2014
Public Health Agency of Canada
2014
Alberta Children's Hospital
2013
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction has reduced pneumococcal meningitis incidence. The Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) project described the serotype distribution of remaining in countries using PCV10/13 for least 5–7 years with primary series uptake above 70%. was estimated a multinomial Dirichlet regression model, stratified by PCV product age. In PCV10-using sites (N = 8; cases 1141), PCV10 types caused 5% <5 age 15% among ≥5 years; top...
We describe the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during COVID-19 pandemic on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Calgary. IPD declined significantly worldwide 2020 and 2021. This may be due to reduced transmission decrease circulating viruses that often co-infect with opportunistic pneumococcus. Pneumococcus has not been shown frequently or cause secondary infection SARS-CoV-2. examined compared incidence rates Calgary per quarter pre-vaccine, post-vaccine, 2021...
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that are ten-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) became available in 2010. We evaluated their global impact on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence all ages. Serotype-specific IPD cases population denominators were obtained directly from surveillance sites using PCV10 or PCV13 national immunisation programmes with a primary series uptake of at least 50%. Annual rate ratios (IRRs) estimated comparing the before any PCV each year post-PCV10...
We previously reported serotype-specific trends in pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization soon after introduction of the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) mid-2002. Our current aim is to describe later PCV7 and early PCV13 2010.The Calgary Area Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology Research team conducted 10 point-prevalence surveys healthy children aged 12 18 months 4.5 years biannually from 2003 2005 (previously reported) annually 2006, 2010, 2011 2012.For during 2010-2012, proportion...
We used an indirect cohort analysis in children under 5 years-old from 2002 to 2018 examine vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) (3 + 1 doses most regions) and 13-valent PCV (2 all against invasive disease (IPD) caused by serotypes Canada. Cases were identified Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program ACTive (IMPACT), a national active surveillance network 12 tertiary care pediatric hospitals that represent about 90% hospital beds There 1477 evaluated for...
Abstract Background Homelessness is uncommon but frequently a characteristic in adults with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In Calgary, homeless persons comprise approximately 0.2% of the population. We evaluated relationship homelessness and IPD Calgary. Methods Demographic, clinical, microbiologic data were collected by Calgary Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology Research (CASPER) team through prospective, population-based surveillance all cases. Here, we report on cases (≥18 years)...
Abstract After the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for children, invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 declined in all ages Alberta, Canada, but it has reemerged and spread adults Calgary, primarily among persons who are experiencing homelessness or use illicit drugs. We conducted clinical molecular analyses to examine cases isolates. Whole-genome sequencing analysis indicated relatively high genetic variability Phylogenetic identified 1 emergent...
Invasive pneumococcal disease continues to be an important cause of mortality. In Calgary, 60% deaths occur within 5 days presenting hospital. This proportion has not changed since before the era penicillin. The purpose this study was investigate what factors may influence death presentation with disease.Demographic and clinical data from CASPER (Calgary Area Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology Research) on 1065 episodes invasive in adults (≥18 years) 2000 2010 were analyzed. Adjusted...
Since the introduction of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, invasive disease (IPD) incidence has decreased in children and predominant serotypes causing have changed. This study describes changes clinical features IPD (<18 years) before after vaccine introduction.The Calgary Area Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology Research collects information on all cases Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Descriptive regression analyses were used to compare pre-vaccine (January 2000 August 2002),...
Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease is preceded by asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage. Measuring carriage in healthy populations provides data on what serotypes are present communities, which of interest the era polyvalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Nasopharyngeal swabs from a survey 682 and 800 children 2016 2018, respectively, were analyzed culture Quellung reaction to determine rates serotypes. All 300 randomly selected 2018 then using real-time semi-quantitative PCR (qPCR)...
BACKGROUND: Streptoccocus pneumoniae serotype 19A (ST19A) became an important cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after the introduction conjugate vaccine. OBJECTIVE: To examine severity and outcome ST19A IPD compared with non‐ST19A IPD. METHODS: The Calgary Area Streptococcus Epidemiology Research (CASPER) study collects clinical laboratory data on all cases in Calgary, Alberta. Analysis was performed from 2000 to 2010 comparing cases. Adjusted linear logistic regression models...
Background: Approximately ten years after seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed, PCV10 and PCV13 became available. We evaluated their impacts globally on invasive disease (IPD) incidence in all ages. Methods: Serotype-specific IPD cases population denominators were obtained directly from surveillance sites. Annual rate ratios (IRRs) estimated comparing the pre-any PCV to each post-PCV10/13 year using Bayesian multi-level, mixed effects Poisson regressions, by site...
Effective pandemic responses rely on frontline healthcare workers continuing to work despite increased risk themselves. Our objective was investigate Alberta family physicians willingness during an influenza pandemic.Cross-sectional survey.Alberta prior the fall wave of H1N1 epidemic.192 participants from a random sample 1000 stratified by region.Willingness through difficult scenarios created epidemic.The corrected response rate 22%. The most who responded were willing continue working some...
C ommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization in otherwise healthy Canadian children.The introduction effective vaccinations, such as pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, to routine immunization schedule, has led decreased rates illness and, possibly, changes epidemiology CAP Canada.Unfortunately, many children diagnosed with pneumonia, no causative agent can be isolated and up date local data regarding causes are difficult obtain.The 2011 national...
Beginning early in the pandemic, there was a worldwide effort to develop effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Before and after approval implementation of vaccines, were concerns about their need as well safety rapid development. We explored child demographic characteristics parental identify factors associated with decision vaccinate.
Abstract Background There are few reports of longitudinal serologic responses in children following Sars-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. This study describes SARS-CoV-2 antibody infection, vaccination, or both (hybrid immunity) a cohort Canadian children. The objectives our were to compare levels hybrid immunity examine decline after final antigen exposure. Methods Alberta Childhood COVID-19 Cohort (AB3C) was prospective conducted from July 2020 September 2022 with repeat sampling across 5...
Background•Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) most commonly affects children under 2, adults over 65-years-old, and people who have immunocompromising conditions or other underlying illnesses.•Vaccination development is difficult due to the number of serotypes (STs) ability pneumococcus share genetic material evolve.•In province Alberta, 7-valent protein conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in a 4-dose (2, 4, 6, 18 mos) universal infant program for all born July 1, 2002 onwards.It...
We previously reported trends in pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage the post-PCV13 era as detected by conventional culture methods. Our current aim is to assess if there are fundamental differences clinical and demographic features of children who have qPCR compared with analysis. The CASPER team conducted point-prevalence surveys 2016 healthy Calgary determine overall serotype-specific carriage. Being 18 months age (p = 0.009), having at least one sibling under 2 years 0.04), only...