A5089285789- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Petroleum Processing and Analysis
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Shoulder Injury and Treatment
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Odor and Emission Control Technologies
- Oil, Gas, and Environmental Issues
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Coal and Coke Industries Research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
2019-2025
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
2012-2024
Agriculture and Food
2018-2024
University of Warwick
1988-2021
Plant Industry
2007-2021
ACT Government
2006-2015
The University of Sydney
2008
Agriculture Victoria
2004
Hokkaido University
2004
Post-transcriptional silencing of plant genes using anti-sense or co-suppression constructs usually results in only a modest proportion silenced individuals. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for encoding self-complementary 'hairpin' RNA (hpRNA) to efficiently silence genes. In this study we examine design rules efficient gene silencing, terms both independent transgenic plants showing and degree silencing. Using hpRNA containing sense/anti-sense arms ranging from 98 853 nt gave...
Most multicellular organisms regulate developmental transitions by microRNAs, which are generated an enzyme, Dicer. Insects and fungi have two Dicer‐like genes, many animals only one, yet the plant, Arabidopsis , has four. Examining poplar rice genomes revealed that they contain five six respectively. Analysis of these genes suggests plants require a basic set four Dicer types were present before divergence mono‐ dicotyledonous (∼200 million years ago), but after from green algae. A fifth...
DNA demethylases regulate methylation levels in eukaryotes. Arabidopsis encodes four demethylases, DEMETER (DME), REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1), DEMETER-LIKE 2 (DML2), and DML3. While DME is involved maternal specific gene expression during seed development, the biological function of remaining remains unclear.We show that ROS1, DML2, DML3 play a role fungal disease resistance Arabidopsis. A triple demethylase mutant, rdd (ros1 dml2 dml3), shows increased susceptibility to pathogen...
The Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Y-satellite RNA (Y-Sat) has a small non-protein-coding genome that induces yellowing symptoms in infected Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). How this pathogen such been longstanding question. We show the are result of interfering (siRNA)-directed silencing chlorophyll biosynthetic gene, CHLI. CHLI mRNA contains 22-nucleotide (nt) complementary sequence to Y-Sat genome, and Y-Sat-infected plants, expression is dramatically down-regulated. Small sequencing 5' RACE...
Viroids and most viral satellites have small, noncoding, highly structured RNA genomes. How they cause disease symptoms without encoding proteins why characteristic secondary structures are two longstanding questions. Recent studies shown that both viroids capable of inducing silencing, suggesting a possible role this mechanism in the pathology evolution these subviral RNAs. Here we show preventing silencing tobacco, using suppressor, greatly reduces caused by Y satellite cucumber mosaic...
In plants, silencing of mRNA can be transmitted from cell to and also over longer distances roots shoots. To investigate the long-distance mechanism, WT mutant shoots were grafted onto silenced for an mRNA. We show that three genes involved in a chromatin pathway, NRPD1a encoding RNA polymerase IVa, RNA-dependent 2 ( RDR2 ), DICER-like 3 DCL3 are required reception shoot. A representing fourth gene argonaute4 ago4 was partially compromised silencing. This pathway produces 24-nt siRNAs...
In Arabidopsis thaliana ( ), DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) functions together with the double-stranded RNA binding protein (dsRBP), DRB1, to process microRNAs (miRNAs) from their precursor transcripts prior transfer RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). miRNA-loaded RISC directs of cognate mRNAs via ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1)-catalyzed cleavage. Short interefering RNAs (siRNAs) are processed viral-derived or transgene-encoded molecules (dsRNA) by DCL/dsRBP partnership, DCL4/DRB4, and also loaded AGO1-catalyzed...
Understanding the fundamental nature of a molecular process or biological pathway is often catalyst for development new technologies in biology. Indeed, studies from late 1990s to early 2000s have uncovered multiple overlapping but functionally distinct RNA silencing pathways plants, including posttranscriptional microRNA and small interfering transcriptional RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway. These findings turn been exploited developing artificial such as hairpin RNA, microRNA,...
BackgroundCorticosteroid injections and physiotherapy exercise programmes are commonly used to treat rotator cuff disorders but the treatments' effectiveness is uncertain. We aimed compare clinical cost-effectiveness of a progressive programme with single session best practice advice, or without corticosteroid injection, in adults disorder.MethodsIn this pragmatic, multicentre, superiority, randomised controlled trial (2 × 2 factorial), we recruited patients from 20 UK National Health...
Dicers are associated with double‐stranded RNA‐binding proteins (dsRBPs) in animals. In the plant, Arabidopsis , there four dicer‐like (DCL) and five potential dsRBPs. These DCLs act redundantly hierarchically. However, we show is little or no redundancy hierarchy amongst DRBs their DCL interactions. DCL1 operates exclusively DRB1 to produce micro (mi)RNAs, DCL4 DRB4 trans ‐acting (ta) siRNAs 21nt from viral RNA. DCL2 DCL3 without requiring assistance any dsRBP. DRB2, DRB3 DRB5 appear...
The ability of micro-organisms to grow on carbon disulphide (CS2) as a sole source and energy appears be very limited: none was obtained from enrichment culture eight Thiobacillus species could not use it. thioparus strain TK-m autotrophically either CS2 or carbonyl sulphide (COS) substrates. Growth yield 7·9 ± 0·9 g cell-carbon (mol CS2)−1, yields COS, thiosulphate thiocyanate were in the range 5·6–6·1. COS detected an intermediate during growth CS2, there quantitative conversion sulphur...
ABSTRACT Introduction Persistent musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders are one of the leading reasons for years lived with disability within UK. Guidelines encourage integrating self‐management support. Hydrotherapy supports patients persistent MSK conditions; however, following NHS‐led hydrotherapy has been inconsistent. Aim To identify outcomes alongside barriers, facilitators, and contributory factors affecting in local pain population. Methods Between April 2023 May 2023, a service evaluation...
Tobacco plants were transformed with a chimeric transgene comprising sequences encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS) and the satellite RNA (satRNA) of cereal yellow dwarf luteovirus. When transgenic infected potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV), which replicated transgene-derived satRNA to high level, sequence GUS:Sat became densely methylated. Within region, all 86 cytosines in upper strand 73 75 lower either partially or fully In contrast, very low levels DNA methylation detected uninfected flanking...
The isolation of a number strains bacteria able to grow on dimethyl disulphide and sulphide as sole source energy is described. isolates came from diverse habitats, including soil, peat, marine mud freshwater pond. were morphologically physiologically best described thiobacilli, capable growth Calvin cycle autotrophs inorganic sulphur compounds, methylated sulphides or thiocyanate. They could not heterotrophically methylotrophically. One isolate (E6) was examined in detail. Substrate...
A recently isolated organism, capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth on dimethyl disulphide, was characterized as a strain Thiobacillus thioparus. It had DNA with base composition 60·5 ± 1·0 mol% G + C, and ubiquinone-8 (UQ-8) its only respiratory quinone. Its in chemostat culture (at rate 0·07–0·08 h−1) showed yields 14·4, 11·8 2·45 g cell-carbon per mol disulphide (DMDS), sulphide (DMS) thiosulphate, respectively. This is consistent energy generation from the oxidation methyl moieties...
DNA demethylases function in conjunction with methyltransferases to modulate genomic methylation levels plants. The Arabidopsis genome contains four demethylase genes, DEMETER (DME), REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1) also known as DEMETER-LIKE (DML1), DML2, and DML3. While ROS1, DML3 were shown disease response somatic tissues, DME has been thought only reproductive tissues maintain the maternal-specific expression pattern of a subset imprinted genes. Here we used promoter:β-glucuronidase...
Fungal RNA samples are usually isolated from fungal mycelia grown in liquid culture, which relies on prolific growth of the fungus media. The biomass is then collected by vacuum filtration, can result low recovery for with reduced due to poor Here we report an alternative culturing method, based solid media independent ability a grow culture. We show that overlayed nylon membrane superior other methods, producing large amounts and allowing easy harvesting mycelia. Furthermore, mycelium...
Viral satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are small subviral and depend on the helper virus for replication spread. satRNAs can attenuate virus-induced symptoms, mechanism of which remains unclear. Here, we show that two virus-encoded suppressors RNA silencing (VSRs), Cucumber mosaic (CMV) 2b Tombusvirus P19, suppress hairpin (hpRNA)-induced a β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in Nicotiana benthamiana. This suppression be overcome by CMV Y-satellite (Y-Sat) via Y-Sat-derived interfering (siRNAs), bind to VSRs...