A5031691138- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
National Institute on Drug Abuse
2016-2025
National Institutes of Health
2016-2025
University of Oregon
2018
The University of Melbourne
2018
Orygen
2018
University of Vermont
2018
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2018
Media Working Group
2018
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
1999-2009
Johns Hopkins University
1999-2009
Cocaine-related cues have been hypothesized to perpetuate drug abuse by inducing a craving response that prompts drug-seeking behavior. However, the mechanisms, underlying neuroanatomy, and specificity of this neuroanatomy are not yet fully understood.To address these issues, experienced cocaine users (N=17) comparison subjects (N=14) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing three separate films portrayed 1 ) individuals smoking crack cocaine, 2) outdoor nature scenes,...
Although lower brain volume has been routinely observed in individuals with substance dependence compared nondependent control subjects, the regions exhibiting have not consistent across studies. In addition, it is clear whether a common set of are involved regardless used or some effects specific. Resolution these issues may contribute to identification clinically relevant imaging biomarkers. Using pooled data from 14 countries, authors sought identify general and substance-specific...
Converging evidence has long identified both impulsivity and compulsivity as key psychological constructs in drug addiction. Although dysregulated striatal-cortical network interactions have been cocaine addiction, the association between these brain networks addiction is poorly understood.To test hypothesis that associated with disturbances communication captured by resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), measured from coherent spontaneous fluctuations blood oxygenation...
<h3>Context</h3> Understanding the mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction to develop more effective treatment is a public health priority. Research consistently shows that transiently improves multiple cognitive functions. However, using replacement treat yields generally inconsistent results. Although this dichotomy well known, reasons are unclear. Imaging studies showed challenges almost always involve cingulate cortex, suggesting locus may be key region associated with and its...
Whole-genome searches have identified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α5-α3-β4 subunit gene variants that are associated with smoking. How genes support this addictive and high-risk behavior through their expression in the brain remains poorly understood. Here we show a key α5 variant Asp398Asn is dorsal anterior cingulate–ventral striatum/extended amygdala circuit, such “risk allele” decreases intrinsic resting functional connectivity strength circuit. Importantly, effect observed...
Cocaine dependence is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder manifested as dysregulation of multiple behavioral, emotional, and cognitive constructs. Neuroimaging studies have begun to identify specific neurobiological circuit impairments in cocaine-dependent (CD) individuals that may underlie these symptoms. However, whether, where, how the interactions within between circuits are disrupted remain largely unknown. We used resting-state fMRI modularity network analysis brain modules priori...
Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) show deficits on tasks of rapid reinforcement learning, like probabilistic reversal learning (PRL), but the neural bases for those impairments are not known. Recent evidence relatively intact sensitivity to negative outcomes in ventral striatum (VS) many SZ patients suggests that PRL may be largely attributable processes downstream from feedback processing, involving both activation executive control task regions and deactivation default mode network (DMN)...
Significance Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. In a rat model of methamphetamine self-administration, we found that compulsive-like taking was correlated with alterations in the balance between an increased orbitofrontal cortex-dorsomedial striatal “go” circuit and decreased prelimbic cortex-ventrolateral “stop” only addictive-like subgroup resistant to foot shock punishment paired taking. nonaddictive-like rats, go-stop balance, which similarly...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted to observe the effects of cocaine administration on physiological fluctuations fMRI signal in two brain regions. Seven long-term users with an average age 32 years and 8 use history were recruited for study. A T2*-weighted fast echo-planar (EPI) pulse sequence employed at 1.5 T acquire three sets images each subject under conditions (at rest, after saline injection, injection [0.57 mg/kg]). Cross-correlation maps constructed using...
Addiction to cocaine is a chronic condition characterized by high rates of early relapse. This study builds on efforts identify neural markers relapse risk studying resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in circuits arising from the amygdala; brain region implicated relapse-related processes including craving and reactivity stress following acute protracted withdrawal cocaine. Whole-brain resting-state fMRI (6 min) was assessed 45 cocaine-addicted individuals 22 healthy controls....
While chronic cocaine use is associated with abnormalities in both brain structure and function within interactions between regions, previous studies have been limited to interrogating independently, the detected neural differences not applied independent samples assess clinical relevance of results. We investigated consequences structural on resting-state functional connectivity addiction tested whether identified circuits predict relapse an cohort. Subjects included 64...