Philip A. Spechler
A5023543864- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Personal Information Management and User Behavior
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Sleep and related disorders
Laureate Institute for Brain Research
2020-2023
University of Vermont
2015-2023
The University of Melbourne
2018
Orygen
2018
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2018
University of Maryland, College Park
2013-2018
University of Oregon
2018
Media Working Group
2018
Heidelberg University
2017
University Hospital Heidelberg
2017
Although lower brain volume has been routinely observed in individuals with substance dependence compared nondependent control subjects, the regions exhibiting have not consistent across studies. In addition, it is clear whether a common set of are involved regardless used or some effects specific. Resolution these issues may contribute to identification clinically relevant imaging biomarkers. Using pooled data from 14 countries, authors sought identify general and substance-specific...
Animal studies have shown that the adolescent brain is sensitive to disruptions in endocannabinoid signaling, resulting altered neurodevelopment and lasting behavioral effects. However, few investigated ties between cannabis use development humans.
Rates of cannabis use among adolescents are high, and increasing concurrent with changes in the legal status marijuana societal attitudes regarding its use. Recreational is understudied, especially adolescent period when neural maturation may make users particularly vulnerable to effects Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on brain structure. In current study, we used voxel-based morphometry compare gray matter volume (GMV) forty-six 14-year-old human (males females) just one or two instances...
Cannabis use in adolescence may be characterized by differences the neural basis of affective processing. In this study, we used an fMRI face processing task to compare a large group (n=70) 14-year olds with history cannabis never-using controls matched on numerous characteristics including IQ, SES, alcohol and cigarette use. The contained short movies displaying angry neutral faces. Results indicated that users had greater reactivity bilateral amygdalae faces than faces, effect was not...
In the current functional MRI study, we investigated interactions between reward and threat processing. Visual cues at start of each trial informed participants about chance winning monetary and/or receiving a mild aversive shock. We tested two competing hypothesis: according to 'salience hypothesis', in condition involving both threat, enhanced activation would be observed because increased salience; 'competition processing trade-off against other, leading reduced activation. Analysis skin...
Abstract Cannabis use initiated during adolescence might precipitate negative consequences in adulthood. Thus, predicting adolescent cannabis prior to any exposure will inform the aetiology of substance abuse by disentangling predictors from use. In this prediction study, data were drawn IMAGEN sample, a longitudinal study adolescence. All selected participants ( n = 1,581) cannabis‐naïve at age 14. Those reporting (out six ordinal levels) 16 included outcome group N 365, males 207)....
Alcohol abuse correlates with gray matter development in adolescents, but the directionality of this association remains unknown.To investigate between and increase frequency drunkenness among adolescents.This cohort study analyzed participants IMAGEN, a multicenter brain imaging healthy adolescents 8 European sites Germany (Mannheim, Dresden, Berlin, Hamburg), United Kingdom (London Nottingham), Ireland (Dublin), France (Paris). Data from second follow-up used present were acquired January...
Objective: This study investigated the neural correlates of psychotic-like experiences in youths during tasks involving inhibitory control, reward anticipation, and emotion processing. A secondary aim was to test whether these neurofunctional risk were predictive psychotic symptoms 2 years later. Method: Functional imaging responses three paradigms—the stop-signal, monetary incentive delay, faces tasks—were collected at age 14, as part IMAGEN study. At baseline, from London Dublin sites...
<h3>Importance</h3> Psychoticlike experiences (PLEs) are subclinical manifestations of psychotic symptoms and may reflect an increased vulnerability to disorders. Contemporary models psychosis propose that dysfunctional reward processing is involved in the cause these clinical illnesses. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine neuroimaging profile healthy adolescents at 14 19 years old points with PLEs, using a task. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> A community-based cohort study, both...
Abstract While there is substantial evidence that cannabis use associated with differences in human brain development, most of this correlational nature. Bayesian causal network (BCN) modeling attempts to identify probable relationships data using conditional probabilities estimate directional associations between a set interrelated variables. In study, we employed BCN 637 adolescents from the IMAGEN study who were naïve at age 14 provide accelerated prefrontal cortical thinning found...
Epileptic seizures can initiate a neural circuit and lead to aberrant communication with brain areas outside the epileptogenic region. We focus on interictal activity in focal temporal lobe epilepsy evaluate functional connectivity (FC) differences that emerge as function of bilateral versus strictly unilateral epileptiform activity. assess strength FC at rest between ictal non-ictal lobes, addition whole lobe. Results revealed strong lobes for both patient groups, but this did not vary...
Abstract Individuals with mood/anxiety disorders may use cannabis for “self-medication,” i.e., to induce positive mood or attenuate aversive states. However, little neurobiological evidence supports such use. The goal of this investigation was test the hypothesis that attenuates striatal response reward in those disorders. Reward-related processing measured using a monetary incentive delay task under functional MRI. any lifetime disorder diagnoses and problematic (“Mood/Anxiety+CB”; n = 41)...