Abstract Interfaces in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a pivotal role determining device performance by influencing charge transport and recombination. Understanding the physical processes at these interfaces is essential for achieving high‐power conversion efficiency PSCs. Particularly, involving oxide‐based layers are susceptible to defects like dangling bonds, excess oxygen, or oxygen deficiency. To address this issue, surface of NiO x passivated using octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA),...

There is currently a large research activity on the development of devices based diacetylene (DA). Interfacing DA films with metallic substrate appears to be very interesting for applications. In order create layer anchored below monolayer, radiolysis synthesis was carried out using grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXD) experiment. An beam intercepts surface an aqueous metallic-ion subphase covered by molecular film at angle incidence critical total internal reflection. The irradiation...

The SIRIUS beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL is dedicated to X-ray scattering and spectroscopy surfaces interfaces, covering the tender mid-hard range (1.1-13 keV). has hosted a wide experiments in field soft interfaces beyond, providing various grazing-incidence techniques such as diffraction wide-angle (GIXD/GIWAXS), small-angle (GISAXS) fluorescence total reflection (TXRF). also offers specific sample environments tailored for situ complementary on solid liquid surfaces. Recently, added...

Processes of water condensation and desublimation on solid surfaces are ubiquitous in nature essential for various industrial applications, which crucial their performance. Despite significance, these processes not well understood due to the lack methods that can provide insight at nanolevel into very first stages phase transitions. Taking advantage synchrotron grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), two pathways frosting...

Understanding interactions between membranes requires measurements on well-controlled systems close to natural conditions, in which fluctuations play an important role. We have determined, by grazing incidence X-ray scattering, the interaction potential two lipid bilayers, one adsorbed a solid surface and other floating by. find that this highly hydrated model system are orders of magnitude softer than previously reported work multilayer stacks. This is attributed weak electrostatic...

By mixing glass beads with a curable polymer we create well-defined cohesive granular medium, held together by solidified, and hence elastic, capillary bridges. This material has geometry similar to wet packing of beads, but an additional control over the elasticity bonds holding particles together. We show that its mechanical response can be varied several orders magnitude adjusting size stiffness bridges, particles. also investigate mechanism failure under unconfined uniaxial compression...

We investigate the interaction between highly charged lipid bilayers in presence of monovalent counterions. Neutron and X-ray reflectivity experiments show that water layer like-charged is thinner than for zwitterionic lipids, demonstrating existence counterintuitive electrostatic attractive them. Such attraction can be explained by taking into account correlations counterions within Strong Coupling limit, which falls beyond classical Poisson–Boltzmann theory electrostatics. Our results...

The tear film lipid layer (TFLL) is a unique biological membrane that serves pivotal role in the maintenance of ocular surface health. Reaching an overarching understanding functional principle TFLL has been hampered by lack insights into structural and roles played individual classes. To bridge this knowledge gap, we herein focus on studying films formed principal classes scattering methods. Through grazing incidence X-ray diffraction reflectivity studies, reveal quantitative data about...

There are very few techniques to reconstruct the shape of a cell at nanometric resolution, and those that exist almost exclusively based on fluorescence, implying limitations due staining constraints artifacts. Reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM), label-free technique, permits measurement distances between refractive objects. However, its quantitative application cells has been largely limited complex interferometric pattern caused by multiple reflections internal or thin...

Supramolecular nanowiring rests on the precise interconnection of nano- or microelectronic circuit elements with electroactive 1D supramolecular polymers. It represents a unique opportunity to access miniaturized organic electronic devices. The bottom-up construction such integrated nanowires can be in principle generated by addressing polymerization process spatial precision that cannot accessed top-down approaches. However, most analytical techniques fail fine structural and orientational...

We study the effects of vertical sinusoidal vibrations on a liquid droplet with low surface tension (ethanol) deposited solid substrate. In precise range amplitudes and frequencies, drop exhibits dramatic worm-like shape instability strong symmetry breaking, comparable to one observed by Pucci et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., 106 (2011) 024503) vibrated floating lens. However, geometry our system is much simpler since it does not involve oscillation deformation liquid-liquid-air contact line. show...

A locally organized monolayer film strongly attached to a gold surface is obtained by transfer of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) octadecylamine (ODA) or alcohol (ODOH) onto Au and simultaneous oxidative electrografting this still in contact with the aqueous subphase. As opposed LB films, these films resist ultrasonication; unlike electrografted they are monolayers construction. They characterized AFM (atomic force microscopy), water angle, ellipsometry, XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), IRRAS...

We study experimentally the fracture mechanisms of a model cohesive granular medium consisting glass beads held together by solidified polymer bridges. The elastic response this material can be controlled changing cross-linking phase, for example. Here we show that its toughness tuned over an order magnitude adjusting stiffness and size extract well-defined energy from testing under range preparations. This is found to scale linearly with cross-sectional area Finally, X-ray microcomputed...

The effect of ac electric fields on the elasticity supported lipid bilayers is investigated at microscopic level using grazing incidence synchrotron x-ray scattering. A strong decrease in membrane tension up to $1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mN}/\mathrm{m}$ and a dramatic increase its effective rigidity $300\text{ }{k}_{B}T$ are observed for local potentials seen by $\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\text{ }\mathrm{V}$. experimental results analyzed detailed electrokinetic modeling nonlinear...

Grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering measurements on aligned titanium oxide nanowires displaying anisotropic optical-electronic properties are carried out. Elemental and thermal analyses provide a chemical composition corresponding to H2Ti3O7·nH2O with n ≈ 1 while the crystallographic data indicate monoclinic cell lamellar substructure. Cell parameters close those of H2Ti3O7 notwithstanding doubling lattice in layer plane. A comparison band gap energy values electronic transition...

Click to increase image sizeClick decrease size AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like thank various colleagues from the SOLEIL experiments group, support and user office for their contributions at stages of discussed experiments. The also acknowledge users whose work is members beamtime proposal peer review committees through which these have come.n

Many ionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) crystallize out of solution if the temperature falls below crystallization boundary. The is impacted by properties and can be decreased with addition salt. We studied SDS at liquid/vapor interfaces from solutions high strength (sodium chloride). show that surfactant crystals surface grow adsorbed molecules, evidenced preferential orientation identified using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. find a unique time scale for crystal...

For a cohesive granular material we measure the mechanical responses of single bridges under traction and shear, show how to upscale these predict macroscopic properties using an experimentally-informed discrete-element model.

Dry granular matter, with infinite tangential friction, is modelled as a graph of grains linked by purely repulsive contacts. Its stability (jamming) insured odd circuits that prevent the from rolling on each other. A topological dynamical matrix associated graph; it has spectrum low‐energy excitations characteristic dry, disordered matter. In limit large stiffness‐to load ratio, dry matter two possible states, fluid and jammed, rigid but fragile solid.