Plant thirst quenched without water Drought causes many billions of dollars annual losses to farmers worldwide. Central a plant's use efficiency are signaling pathways regulated by the hormone abscisic acid and its receptors. Vaidya et al. screened pool candidate small molecules used structure-guided design optimize function an receptor agonist (see Perspective Phillips Sussman). Application protected Arabidopsis , wheat, tomato from underwatering. Science this issue p. eaaw8848 ; see also 416

Neonicotinoid insecticides, which act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in a variety of ways, have extremely low mammalian toxicity, yet the molecular basis such actions is poorly understood. To elucidate for nAChR–neonicotinoid interactions, surrogate protein, binding protein from Lymnaea stagnalis (Ls-AChBP) was crystallized complex with neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid (IMI) or clothianidin (CTD). The crystal structures suggested that guanidine moiety IMI and CTD stacks...

Abstract Wheat ( Tritium aestivum ) is vulnerable to future climate change because it predominantly grown under rain-fed conditions in drought-prone areas. Thus, in-depth understanding of drought effect on wheat metabolism essential for developing drought-tolerant varieties. Here, we exposed ‘Norin 61’ plants progressive stress [0 (before drought), 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after withholding water] during the flowering stage investigate physiological metabolomic responses. Transcriptional...

Abstract Stress-induced abscisic acid (ABA) is mainly catabolized by ABA 8′-hydroxylase (ABA8ox), which also strictly regulates endogenous levels. Although three members of the ABA8ox gene family are conserved in rice, it not clear stressors induce expression these genes. Here, we found that OsABA8ox1 was induced cold stress within 24 h and OsABA8ox2 OsABA8ox3 were not. In contrast, ABA-inducible, but , restored germination a cyp707a1 / a2 a3 triple mutant Arabidopsis to rates comparable...

A capacity for reliable germination under elevated temperatures is a crucial factor in maintaining the stability of bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) yields context climate change. Although environment parent plant during growth known affecting seed germinability, effect this on heat tolerance seeds has not been investigated detail. To investigate exposure to high growth, plants were exposed 38°C at various stages. In test, their development had better germinability than control. On other...

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone that regulates plant water use and drought tolerance. However, agricultural applications of ABA have been limited because its rapid inactivation in plants, which involves hydroxylation by 8′-hydroxylase (CYP707A). We previously developed a selective inhibitor CYP707A, (−)-Abz-E2B, structurally modifying S -uniconazole, functions as CYP707A gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme. synthetic yield too low for practical applications. Therefore,...

With the aim of providing genetic materials for breeding drought-resistant wheat varieties, physiological and metabolic plasticity three multiple synthetic derivative lines (MSDLs) their backcross parent “Norin 61” (N61) were evaluated in response to drought stress. The results indicated that D-genome introgressions from Aegilops tauschii into MDSLs improved drought-adaptive traits. Specifically, MNH5 MSD345 showed higher photosynthesis rates triose phosphate utilization than N61 under...

Climate change has resulted in an increased demand for Japanese bunching onions (Allium fistulosum L., genomes FF) with drought resistance. A complete set of alien monosomic addition lines A. extra chromosomes from shallot (A. cepa L. Aggregatum group, AA), represented as FF + 1A–FF 8A, displays a variety phenotypes that significantly differ those the recipient species. In this study, we investigated impact stress on abscisic acid (ABA) and its precursor, β-carotene, utilizing set. addition,...

GWAS on a bread wheat panel with high D genome diversity identified novel alleles and QTLs associated resilience to combined heat drought stress under natural field conditions. As (H) stresses occur concurrently conditions, studying them separately offers limited opportunities for improvement. Here, containing Aegilops tauschii introgressions was evaluated H heat-drought (HD) identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) the stresses, assess practicability of harnessing Ae. breeding resilience....

Nucleotide hydrolases are known to hydrolyze not only noncanonical dNTPs reduce the risk of mutation, but also canonical maintain dNTP concentrations in cell. dGTP triphosphohydrolase from Escherichia coli is as an enzyme that hydrolyzes dGTP. Recently, we identified a Thermus thermophilus HB8 all through complex activation mechanism. These triphosphohydrolases widely distributed eubacteria, it difficult predict whether they possess hydrolytic activity for or dNTP. To obtain information...

Global warming has led to the expansion of arid lands and more frequent droughts, which are largest cause global food production losses. In our previous study, we developed TaPYLox wheat overexpressing plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) receptor, is important for drought stress response in plants. showed resistance acquired water-saving traits that enable efficient grain with less water use. this used identify ABA-dependent -independent metabolites stress. We compared variation under...

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase), which is a key enzyme in the purine-salvage pathway, catalyzes synthesis of IMP or GMP from alpha-D-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and hypoxanthine guanine, respectively. Structures HGPRTase Thermus thermophilus HB8 unliganded form, complex with have been determined at 2.1, 1.9 2.2 A resolution, The overall fold was similar to that but main-chain side-chain atoms active site moved accommodate IMP. folds complexes were almost...

Cold shock proteins (Csps) include both cold-induced and non-cold-induced proteins, contrary to their name. Cold-induced Csps are well studied; they function in cold acclimation by controlling transcription translation. Some have been reported contribute other cellular processes. However, the functions of under optimal growth conditions remain unknown. To elucidate these functions, we used transcriptome proteome analyses as comprehensive approaches compared outputs wild-type Csp-deletion...

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is less adaptable to high temperatures than other major cereals. Previous studies of the effects temperature on focused reproductive stage. There are few reports yield after at growth stages. Understanding growth-stage-specific responses heat stress will contribute development tolerant lines suited various We exposed cultivar “Norin 61” three stages: seedling–tillering (GS1), tillering–flowering (GS2), and flowering–maturity (GS3). compared each condition...

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a key signal molecule for controlling stomatal movement and stress responses such as drought. Genetic manipulation of ABA receptors has recently been reported to improve plant water use efficiency (WUE). We therefore compared details WUE traits between the receptor quintuple mutant wheat receptor-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines. Biomass seed productivities per liter were both reduced in but improved transgenic This result suggests that appropriate...

Globally, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important staple foods; when exposed to drought, yields decline. Although much research has been performed generate higher yield cultivars, there have few studies on improving end-product quality under drought stress, even though processed into flour produce so many foods, such as bread, noodles, pancakes, cakes, and cookies. Recently, cultivation affected by severe caused global climate change. In previous studies, seed shrinkage...

Post-anthesis drought stress is one of the main constraints on production wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Because field screening for post-anthesis tolerance difficult, effective and validated methods to simulate in order identify sources can facilitate breeding materials. Chemical desiccants are widely used stress. We aimed physiological traits that respond as they do drought. examined responses ‘Norin 61’ six treatments a greenhouse: irrigated control, after anthesis, 2% or 4% potassium...

Our previous study described stage-specific responses of 'Norin 61' bread wheat to high temperatures from seedling tillering (GS1), flowering (GS2), full maturity stage (GS3), and (GS1-3). The grain development phase lengthened in GS1 plants; source tissue decreased GS2 rapid senescence occurred GS3 all these effects GS1-3 plants. present quantified 69 flag leaf metabolites during early reveal the high-temperature stress identify markers that predict weight. Heat stresses showed largest...

Nucleoside monophosphate kinases play crucial roles in biosynthesis and regeneration of nucleotides. These are bi-substrate enzymes that catalyze reversible transfers a phosphoryl group between ATP nucleoside monophosphate. comprised the CORE domain, NMP-binding LID domain. Large conformational rearrangement three domains occurs during catalytic cycle. Although many structures CMP kinase have been determined, only limited structural information has available on changes along reaction...

Alkylation is a type of stress that fatal to cells. However, cells have various responses alkylation. Alkyltransferase-like (ATL) protein novel involved in the repair alkylated DNA; however, its mechanism at molecular level unclear. DNA microarray analysis revealed upregulation 71 genes because treatment with an alkylating agent N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was related presence TTHA1564, ATL from Thermus thermophilus HB8. Affinity chromatography showed direct interaction purified...

Abstract Bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) is one of the most important staple foods globally. Drought a problem to decline yield performance. Although much research has been performed generate higher cultivars, there have few studies on improving end-product quality under drought stressed conditions, even though processed into flour produce bread, noodles, pancakes, cakes, and cookies. Recently, cultivation affected by severe caused global climate change. In previous studies, seed shrinkage...