A5062734751- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Environmental Education and Sustainability
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Media Influence and Health
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Language and cultural evolution
- Early Childhood Education and Development
- Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
- Psychology of Social Influence
- Conflict Management and Negotiation
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Cognitive and psychological constructs research
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Family and Disability Support Research
University of Virginia
2012-2024
McCormick (United States)
2018
University of Zurich
2016
University of Chicago
2008-2010
Seven studies tested the hypothesis that people use subjective time progression in hedonic evaluation. When believe has passed unexpectedly quickly, they rate tasks as more engaging, noises less irritating, and songs enjoyable. We propose felt distortion operates a metacognitive cue implicitly attribute to their enjoyment of an experience (i.e., flew, so must have been fun). Consistent with this attribution account, effects on ratings were moderated by need for attribution, strength “time...
Understanding others' behavior often involves attributing mental states to them by using one's "theory of mind." We argue that theory mind recognize differences between own perspective and another's is a deliberate process inference may be influenced incidental mood. Because sadness associated with more systematic processing whereas happiness heuristic processing, we predicted theory-of-mind use would facilitated compared happiness. Two experiments supported this prediction, demonstrating...
Unlike economic exchange, social exchange has no well-defined “value.” It is based on the norm of reciprocity, in which giving and taking are to be repaid equivalent measure. Although colloquially assumed actions, we demonstrate that they produce different patterns reciprocity. In five experiments utilizing a dictator game, people reciprocated like measure apparently prosocial acts giving, but more selfishly antisocial taking, even when objective outcomes were identical. Additional results...
Motivation derived from a sense of truly valuing or enjoying one's pursuits ("wanting to do it")-as opposed motivation born external demands other people's expectations ("having it")-is associated with goal-pursuit success and overall well-being. But what determines the quality in first place? Many theoretical perspectives identify features task situation as determinants, but have largely ignored potential contribution individual self-regulatory tendencies. We ask here whether differences...
Seven studies converge to show that prompting people think about a rival versus nonrival competitor causes them view current competitions as more connected past ones, be concerned with long-term legacy, and pursue personal goals in eager, less cautious manner. These results are consistent social-cognitive of rivalry defines it competitive relational schema. A preliminary analysis revealed were likely appeal explain the importance than nonrivalry contests. Experiment 1 showed embedded an...
To determine the appropriate punishment for a harmful action, people must often make inferences about transgressor's intent. In courtrooms and popular media, such increasingly rely on video evidence, which is played in "slow motion." Four experiments (n = 1,610) involving real surveillance footage from murder or broadcast replays of violent contact professional football demonstrate that viewing an action slow motion, compared with regular speed, can cause viewers to perceive as more...
People often reason egocentrically about others' beliefs, using their own beliefs as an inductive guide. Correlational, experimental, and neuroimaging evidence suggests that people may be even more egocentric when reasoning a religious agent's (e.g., God). In both nationally representative local samples, people's on important social ethical issues were consistently correlated strongly with estimates of God's than other (Studies 1-4). Manipulating similarly influenced but did not influence 5...
People often face outcomes of important events that are beyond their personal control, such as when they wait for an acceptance letter, job offer, or medical test results. We suggest wanting and uncertainty high control is lacking, people may be more likely to help others, if can encourage fate's favor by doing good deeds proactively. Four experiments support this karmic-investment hypothesis. When want outcome over which have little donations time money increase (experiments 1 2), but...
We propose that in social interactions, appreciation of a helper depends on helper’s instrumentality: The more motivated one is to accomplish goal, and the perceives as able facilitate will feel for helper. Four experiments supported this instrumentality-boost hypothesis by showing beneficiaries felt their helpers while they were receiving help toward an ongoing task than after was completed or deemed no longer instrumental. This finding held both positive side (gratitude) negative (feelings...
By the time children begin formal schooling, their experiences at home have already contributed to large variations in math and language development, once school begins, academic achievement continues depend strongly on influences outside of school. It is thus essential that educational reform strategies involve primary caregivers. Specifically, programs policies should promote support aspects caregiver–child interaction been empirically demonstrated boost early learning seek impede...
To move from commitment to action, planners must think about the future and decide when initiate. We demonstrate that prefer initiate on upcoming days immediately follow a temporal boundary. For example, aspiring dieters who considered time horizon Thursday, February 27th Tuesday, March 4th showed expectation increases Days 4 5 (Sunday Monday) induced of weekdays 2 3 (February 28th 1st) calendar dates. Using both causal steps- moderation-based approaches, we this occurs (in part) because...
The positivity of goal completion is reinforced through everyday experiences social praise and instrumental reward. Here we investigated whether, in line with this self-regulatory emphasis, people value opportunities themselves. Across six experiments found that adding an arbitrary opportunity to a lower-reward task increased the likelihood participants would choose work on over higher-reward alternative did not offer opportunity. This occurred for extrinsic reward tradeoffs (Experiments 1,...
Abstract We distinguish between goal‐specific value , which refers to the intrinsic and extrinsic benefits associated with a particular goal (“value derived from goal”), goal‐generic having, pursuing, or completing in general goal”). Motivation theory research have traditionally, if tacitly, sought explain decision‐making (e.g., What prioritize? How much invest?) based on value. But several goal‐related decision regularities are not easily explained by accounting for alone, such as online...
Motivation derived from a sense of truly valuing or enjoying one’s pursuits (“wanting to do it”) – as opposed motivation born external demands other people’s expectations (“having is associated with goal-pursuit success and overall well-being. But what determines the quality in first place? Many theoretical perspectives identify features task situation determinants, but have largely ignored potential contribution individual self-regulatory tendencies. We ask here whether differences...
As efforts to control climate change gain momentum, so too does the possibility that some global actor(s) will deploy one or more forms of engineering. Climate engineering refers large-scale and deliberate activities intended either carbon-balance energy-balance planet. approaches are untested, involve deep uncertainty, have far-reaching consequences. Nevertheless, many scientists expect that, relative conventional mitigation approaches, climate-engineering prove less expensive require...