A5048414290- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- AI in cancer detection
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence
- Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
- Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Slime Mold and Myxomycetes Research
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
- Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth
- Micro and Nano Robotics
- Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Hepatitis C virus research
Cardiff University
2019-2025
John Innes Centre
2011-2022
Norwich Research Park
2009-2022
University of Benghazi
2017
University of Lausanne
2016
Utrecht University
1997-2009
University of British Columbia
2005-2006
Lateral organ position along roots and shoots largely determines plant architecture, depends on auxin distribution patterns. Determination of the underlying patterning mechanisms has hitherto been complicated because they operate during growth division. Here, we show by experiments computational modeling that curvature Arabidopsis root influences cell sizes, which, together with tissue properties determine transport, induces higher levels in pericycle cells outside curve. The abundance...
Recent work has demonstrated that following the clearance of infection a stable population memory T cells remains present in peripheral organs and contributes to control secondary infections. However, little is known about how tissue-resident behave situ they encounter newly infected target cells. Here we demonstrate antigen-specific CD8 + remain skin herpes simplex virus show steady-state crawling behavior between keratinocytes. Spatially explicit simulations migration these indicate...
Significance The maintenance of boundaries between neighboring groups distinct cell types is vital during development multicellular organisms, as cells with functions must be kept physically separated to guarantee correct control organ and body growth function. In the Arabidopsis root, transition zone a developmental boundary in meristem that separates dividing from differentiating cells. Here, we infer well-defined tightly controlled minimum hormone auxin acts signal establish position by...
When individual amoebae of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum are starving, they aggregate to form a multicellular migrating slug, which moves toward region suitable for culmination. The culmination morphogenesis involves complex cell movements that transform mound cells into globule spores on slender stalk. movement has been likened “reverse fountain,” whereby prestalk in upper part stalk downwards and anchors substratum, while prespore lower move upwards spore head. So far,...
Cell aggregates are a tool for in vitro studies of morphogenesis, cancer invasion, and tissue engineering. They respond to mechanical forces as complex rather than simple liquid. To change an aggregate's shape, cells have overcome energy barriers. If cell shape fluctuations active enough, the aggregate spontaneously relaxes stresses ("fluctuation-induced flow"). not, changing requires sufficiently large applied stress ("stress-induced capture this distinction, we develop model based on their...
Adaptive immunity is initiated by T cell recognition of foreign peptides presented on dendritic cells (DCs) major histocompatibility molecules. These interactions take place in secondary lymphoid tissues, such as lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen, hence the anatomical structure these tissues plays a crucial role development immune responses. Two-photon microscopy (2PM) imaging LNs suggests that walk consistent direction for several minutes, pause briefly with regular period, then off new, random...
Because of the resemblance many epithelial tissues to densely packed soap bubbles, it has been suggested that surface minimization, which drives bubble packing, could be governing cell packing as well. We test this by modeling shape cells in a Drosophila retina ommatidium. use observed configurations and shapes wild-type flies, well flies with different numbers per ommatidia, mutants where E- or N-cadherin is either deleted misexpressed. find minimization insufficient model experimentally...
To regulate shape changes, motility and chemotaxis in eukaryotic cells, signal transduction pathways channel extracellular stimuli to the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. The complexity such networks makes it difficult understand roles individual components, let alone their interactions multiple feedbacks within a given layer between layers signalling. Even more challenging is question if how cell affects affected by this internal spatiotemporal reorganization. Here we build on our...
Tissue cell polarity plays a major role in plant and animal development. We propose that fundamental building block for tissue is the process of intracellular partitioning, which can establish individual absence asymmetric cues. Coordination polarities may then arise through cell-cell coupling, operate directly, membrane-spanning complexes, or indirectly, diffusible molecules. Polarity anchored to tissues organisers located at boundaries. show how this partitioning-based framework be applied...
A developing plant organ exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns of growth, cell division, size, shape, and shape. Explaining these presents a challenge because their dynamics cross-correlations, which can make it difficult to disentangle causes from effects. To address problems, we used live imaging determine the leaf growth division in different genetic tissue contexts. In simplifying background speechless (spch) mutant, lacks stomatal lineages, epidermal layer defined along proximodistal...
The biophysical characteristics of cells determine their shape in isolation and when packed within tissues. Cells can form regular or irregular epithelial structures, round up clusters, deform attach to substrates. acquired tissues is a consequence (i) internal cytoskeletal processes, such as actin polymerisation cortical myosin contraction, (ii) adhesion molecules the cell membrane that interact with substrates neighbouring cells, (iii) processes regulate volume. Although these seem...
Summary Hyponastic growth is an upward petiole movement induced by plants in response to various external stimuli. It caused unequal rates between adaxial and abaxial sides of the petiole, which bring rosette leaves a more vertical position. The volatile hormone ethylene key regulator inducing hyponasty Arabidopsis thaliana . Here, we studied whether ethylene‐mediated occurs through local stimulation cell expansion this involves reorientation cortical microtubules (CMTs). To study size...
The development of outgrowths from plant shoots depends on formation epidermal sites cell polarity convergence with high intracellular auxin at their centre. A parsimonious model for generation is that the transporter PIN1 orients up gradients, as this spontaneously generates convergent alignments. Here we test predictions and other models patterns biosynthesis import. Live imaging kanadi1 kanadi2 Arabidopsis mutant leaves shows they arise by within a proximodistal field. polarities are...
Quantifying cell morphology is fundamental to the statistical study of populations, and can help unravel mechanisms underlying tissue morphogenesis. Current methods, however, require extensive human intervention, are highly parameter sensitive, or produce metrics difficult interpret biologically. We therefore developed a method, Lobe Contribution Elliptical Fourier Analysis (LOCO-EFA), which generates from digitalised 2D outlines meaningful descriptors that be directly matched morphological...
D'Arcy Thompson emphasised the importance of surface tension as a potential driving force in establishing cell shape and topology within tissues. Leaf epidermal pavement cells grow into jigsaw-piece shapes, highly deviating from such classical forms. We investigate developing Arabidopsis leaves composed solely cells. Image analysis around 50,000 reveals clear unique topological signature, previously studied This distribution is established early during leaf development, already before...
Development and spatial pattern formation are inherently linked. The coordinated determination of cell fates is crucial in any developmental process requires extensive intercellular communication. Plants cells exchange many molecular signals via the symplasmic pathway, i.e., plasmodesmata: narrow channels connecting cytoplasm neighbouring cells. Regulation transport vital for normal plant development, mutations that disrupt this regulation often embryo or seedling lethal. In tissues, small...