A5040191905- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- melanin and skin pigmentation
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
- Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Apelin-related biomedical research
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Nerve injury and regeneration
- Sleep and related disorders
- Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
University of Gothenburg
2016-2025
National Academy of Medicine
2007
The gut microbiota contributes to fat mass and the susceptibility obesity. However, underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. To investigate whether affects hypothalamic brainstem body fat-regulating circuits, we compared gene expression of food intake-regulating neuropeptides between germ-free conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice. We found that CONV-R mice had decreased antiobesity neuropeptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) precursor proglucagon (Gcg) in brainstem. Moreover,...
Subjects spending much time sitting have increased risk of obesity but the mechanism for antiobesity effect standing is unknown. We hypothesized that there a homeostatic regulation body weight. demonstrate loading rodents, achieved using capsules with different weights implanted in abdomen or s.c. on back, reversibly decreases biological weight via reduced food intake. Importantly, relieves diet-induced and improves glucose tolerance. The identified homeostat regulates fat mass independently...
Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-alpha-like effector A (CIDEA) could be a potential target for the treatment of obesity via modulation metabolic rate, based on findings that CIDEA inhibits brown adipose tissue uncoupling process in rodents.Our objects were to investigate putative link between and basal rate humans elucidate further role human obesity.We have explored gene expression two different studies: cross-sectional population-based study assessing body composition (Mölndal...
Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that also affects metabolic function because IL-6 depleted (IL-6(-/-)) mice develop late-onset obesity. appears to act in the central nervous system, presumably hypothalamus, increase energy expenditure involve stimulation of sympathetic system. In present study, we explored possible mechanisms for effects exerted by on body fat. Therefore, measured depletion IL-6(-/-) expression key hypothalamic peptide genes involved balance real time...
We sought to determine whether the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, is involved in intrinsic regulation of food choice rats. Ghrelin would seem suited serve such a role given that it signals hunger information from stomach brain areas important for feeding control, including hypothalamus and reward system (e.g. ventral tegmental area, VTA). Thus, rats offered palatable foods (sucrose pellets lard) superimposed on regular chow 2 weeks, we explored acute central delivery ghrelin...
Interleukin (IL)‐1 and IL ‐6 are immune modulating cytokines that also affect metabolic function because both ‐1 receptor I deficient ( RI −/− ) mice develop late‐onset obesity leptin resistance. Both appear to target the central nervous system CNS increase energy expenditure. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus ARC is a major relay between periphery in body fat regulation (e.g. by being of leptin). present study aimed investigate possible mechanisms responsible for effects exerted endogenous...
The gut hormone ghrelin drives food motivation and increases intake, but it is also involved in the anticipation of response to rewards other than food. This pre-registered study investigated how naturally varying concentrations affect processing touch as a social reward humans. Sixty-seven volunteers received slow caressing (so-called CT-targeted touch) control on their shins during 3T functional imaging two test days. On one occasion, participants were fasted, another, they meal. each...
Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), promotes food intake and other feeding behaviors, stimulates (GH) release from pituitary. Growth secretagogues (GHS), such as GHRP-6 MK-0677, are synthetic GHSR ligands that activate orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurons coexpress agouti-related peptide (AgRP) in arcuate nucleus hypothalamus when administered systemically. Systemic also GH humans rats. Thus, GHS ghrelin have therapeutic relevance patients who could...
ABSTRACT Severe infection, including sepsis, is an increasing clinical problem that causes prolonged morbidity and substantial mortality. At present, antibiotics are essentially the only pharmacological treatment for sepsis. The incidence of resistance to increasing; therefore, it critical find new therapies Staphylococcus aureus a major cause septic Neutrophils play important role in defense against bacterial infections. We have shown diet with high levels dietary saturated fatty acids...
Estrogens are important regulators of bone mass and their effects mainly mediated via estrogen receptor (ER)α. Central ERα exerts an inhibitory role on mass. is highly expressed in the arcuate (ARC) ventromedial (VMN) nuclei hypothalamus. To test whether proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, located ARC, involved regulation mass, we used mice lacking expression specifically POMC neurons (POMC-ERα(-/-)). Female POMC-ERα(-/-) control were ovariectomized (OVX) treated with vehicle or estradiol...
Key points The zona incerta (ZI) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are brain areas that both implicated in feeding behaviour. ZI projects to the VTA, although it has not yet been investigated whether this projection regulates feeding. We experimentally (in)activated VTA by using dual viral vector technology, studied effects on microstructure, willingness work for food, general activity body temperature. Activity of promotes facilitating action initiation towards as reflected meal frequency...
Interleukin (IL)‐6 deficient mice develop mature‐onset obesity. Furthermore, i.c.v. administration of IL‐6 increases energy expenditure, suggesting that centrally regulates homeostasis. To investigate whether it would be possible for to directly influence the homeostasis via hypothalamic regulation in humans and rodents, we mapped distribution ligand binding receptor α (IL‐6Rα) this brain region. In human hypothalamus, IL‐6Rα‐immunoreactivity was detected perikarya first‐order dendrites...
Neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus and hindbrain are of importance for control food intake, energy expenditure, fat mass. We have recently shown that treatment with exendin-4 (Ex-4), an analog proglucagon-derived molecule glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), markedly increases mRNA expression cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) this increase partly mediates suppression intake body weight by Ex-4. Endogenous GLP-1 central nervous system (CNS) is produced preproglucagon (PPG) neurons nucleus solitary...
Objective Rats were exposed to free‐choice diets (fat plus one of two different sugar solutions, glucose or sucrose), and the metabolic consequences impact on locomotor activity anxiety‐like behavior explored. Methods For 3 weeks, 7‐week‐old male rats offered either chow only high‐fat differing in their added sugar: no sugar, sucrose, glucose. In a second experiment, after 2 weeks diets, switched from high sucrose for additional weeks. Metabolic end points included body weight, food intake,...
The circulating orexigenic hormone ghrelin targets many brain areas involved in feeding control and signals via a dedicated receptor, the growth secretagogue receptor 1A. One unexplored target area for is supramammillary nucleus (SuM), hypothalamic motivation reinforcement also recently linked to metabolic control. Given that binds SuM, we explored whether SuM cells respond and/or are activated when endogenous levels elevated. We found peripheral injection activates rats, reflected by an...
Abstract Leptin is essential for the control of energy homeostasis and eating behaviour. We investigated potential associations between serum leptin levels food addiction in adolescent psychiatric inpatients ( n = 228). The most frequent diagnoses were mood disorders, anxiety substance use disorders. More than three quarters study group suffered from more one disorder. Food was assessed with Yale Addiction Scale. determined serum. Analyses conducted whole body weight range distinct...
Feelings of hunger carry a negative-valence (emotion) signal that appears to be conveyed through agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. The circulating hormone, ghrelin, activates these although it remains unclear whether also carries signal. Given ghrelin pathways midbrain are important for reward, possible could act as positive reinforcer and hence, positive-valence Here we used condition preference/avoidance tests explore reinforcing/aversive properties...
While excessive physical activity is common amongst anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, contributing to their low body weight, little known about the underlying biology and effective treatments targeting hyperactivity are lacking. Given role of orexin in arousal, energy expenditure, we sought investigate i) extent which neurons activated during severe anorectic state activity-based (ABA) mouse model, ii) if dual receptor antagonist suvorexant can reduce ABA. The Fos-TRAP2 technique enable us...
Objective This study sought to examine divergence regarding the impact of acute versus chronic repeated stress on energy balance. Methods Rats were exposed either forced swim (FS) for 7 days or an (a single FS). Body weight and food intake measured daily. Metabolic parameters explored included brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. Results Chronic FS decreased body caloric efficiency. It also increased relative BAT. The same stressor delivered only once did not alter adrenal BAT weight, but it...
The perinatal environment appears important in establishing metabolic phenotypes adulthood. Mice deficient IL-6 (IL-6−/−) tend to develop mature-onset obesity, but it is unknown whether exposure produced by the dam influences metabolism of adult offspring. To address this issue, we monitored IL-6−/− offspring or IL-6+/− dams, as well wild-type (WT) mice. At age, mice weighed significantly more and had body fat than WT mice, regardless maternal genotype, lower insulin sensitivity. This...
Interleukin (IL)-6- /- mice develop mature onset obesity, whereas i.c.v. injection of IL-6 decreases obesity in rodents. Moreover, levels cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were reported to be inversely correlated with humans. Tanycytes lining the base third ventricle (3V) hypothalamus have recently been importance for metabolism. In present study, we investigated whether tanycytes could respond CSF. With immunohistochemistry using a well characterised antibody directed against ligand binding...
Anorexia nervosa is a serious mental illness characterized by voluntary restriction of food intake and avoidance high-calorie food. Anxiety, highly comorbid with anorexia nervosa, appears to be significant, yet underexplored, factor affecting core behavioural symptoms such as compulsive physical exercise. The aims this review are disentangle the influence anxiety in decision-making offer comprehensive model connecting mechanisms involved. shift from approach seems conditioned response,...