Disturbances in the oral microbiome are associated with periodontal disease initiation and progression diabetes mellitus (DM), but how this contributes to cause-and-effect relationship between DM is poorly understood. We examined bacterial composition plaque samples from 128 South Africans across glycemic statuses using 16S rDNA sequencing of regions 2, 3, 4, 6-7, 8, 9. Of 9 phyla identified, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria made up >98%....

microRNAs (miRNAs) have been touted as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate value miR-30a-5p miR-182-5p prediabetes screen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).The included 1270 participants (207 prediabetes, 94 969 normotolerant) from Vascular Metabolic Health (VMH) study. Whole blood levels were quantitated by RT-qPCR. Multivariable logistic regressions used relate miRNAs with or T2DM receiver operating...

This cross-sectional study investigated the association of miR-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p with their diagnostic capability for dysglycaemia in 1273 (men, n = 345) South Africans, aged >20 years. Glycaemic status was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Whole blood microRNA (miRNA) expressions were using TaqMan-based reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves ability each miRNA to discriminate dysglycaemia, while multivariable...

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a critical therapy for haematological malignancy but may lead to acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD). T-cell depletion with alemtuzumab, either in vivo or ex vivo, reduces the incidence of GvHD risk factor relapse poor immune reconstitution. Natural killer (NK) cells are first lymphocytes recover. Classical NK make up >90% normal circulating population can directly kill neoplastic virally infected while regulatory subset makes...

Aim: The influence of disease duration and anti-diabetic treatment on epigenetic processes has been described, with limited focus interactions microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs have found to play key roles in the regulation pathways associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), expression patterns response may further promote their use as therapeutic targets T2DM its complications. We therefore aimed investigate expressions circulating (miR-30a-5p, miR-1299, miR-182-5p, miR-30e-3p miR-126-3p) newly...

Vitamin D reportedly plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus; however, this is unclear and debated. This study investigated association between 25(OH) vitamin D, D-binding proteins, receptor (VDR) polymorphisms healthy individuals those with prediabetes type 2 mellitus (T2D) from South Africa. A cross-sectional was conducted involving subjects mixed ancestry aged ≥20 years. Males presented higher mean levels than females, while females exhibited significantly serum...

MicroRNAs are non-coding, post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and their dysregulation has been associated with development various diseases, including hypertension. Consequently, understanding role in the pathogenesis progression disease is essential. Prior research focusing on microRNAs provided a basis for prognosis offered possible channels therapeutic interventions. Herein, we aimed to investigate differences profiles five blood participants grouped hypertension status....

Abstract Background Research has suggested that individuals of African descent have lower white cell and neutrophil counts than Caucasians. These differences could lead to incorrect clinical decisions, therefore, ethnic‐specific reference ranges are required. The Western Cape region South Africa is uniquely diverse, comprising Caucasian, Mixed Ancestry those descent. aim this study was compare the full blood count differential across three major ethnic groups residing in area propose...

The oral microbiota plays a crucial role in both systemic inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by low-grade inflammation. Studies have analysed the gut using stool specimens from subjects with MetS; however, etiological of development MetS still uncertain. We investigated 128 subgingival plaque samples South African cohort without MetS. After comprehensive analysis microbiota, we observed significant increase Gram-positive aerobic anaerobic those an abundance...

Background . Insulin resistance (IR) and subclinical inflammation are involved in pathological pathways leading to the development of biological cardiovascular risk factors subsequent events. Therefore, monitoring these processes can provide advanced information on trajectory profile a population inform prevention control strategies. We investigated changes IR from Cape Town, South Africa, between 2008/09 2014/16. Methods In total 2503 (<mml:math...

The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Africa remains poorly characterized, due partly to the lack appropriate diagnostic strategies. Although recent years and prognostic utility microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained prominence context CKD, its value has not been evaluated African populations. We investigated expression whole blood miRNAs (miR-126-3p, -30a-5p, -1299, -182-5p -30e-3p) a total sample 1449 comprising 13.3% individuals with CKD (stage 1-5) 26.4% male participants, as well...

Child mortality in Sierra Leone is the highest ranked world. The main causes for child are maternal factors, environmental factors and health factors. Minimal research has been carried out on Leone. objective of this study to see how have an effect which turn cause mortality. data used were from 2008 Demographic Household Survey (SLDHS). showed that had statistically significant associated with it: place residence, birth number, religion type toilet facility. Furthermore, SLDHS not given...

Background and Aim: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is result single gene variants. To date, fourteen different MODY subtypes have been described. Variants in genes coding for glucokinase ( GCK , MODY2) hepatic nuclear factor 1 alpha HNF1A MODY3) are most frequently encountered. patients often misdiagnosed with type or 2 diabetes, resulting incorrect treatment protocols. At time reporting, no data available on prevalence populations from Africa. Our study aimed to investigate...

Hypertension has a complex pathogenesis and symptoms appear in advanced disease. Dysregulation of gene expression regulatory factors like microRNAs been reported disease development. Identifying biomarkers which could help understand the prognosis hypertension is essential. The study's objective was to investigate microRNA profiles according participant blood pressure status. Next generation sequencing used identify whole 48 body mass index-, smoking- age-matched normotensive ( n = 12),...

Background. An increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) has been reported globally and South African (SA) population. Objectives. To investigate temporal changes absolute BP levels hypertension mixed-ancestry Africans. Methods. Participants were from two independent cross-sectional surveys conducted during 2008/09 ( N =928) 2014/16 =1 969) Bellville South, Cape Town, SA. Participants’ eligibility was based on several criteria, including age &gt;20 years neither bedridden nor...

Disturbances in the oral microbiota may be due to several mechanisms and factors, such as smoking. An imbalance bacteria result changes innate immune system development of periodontal disease. This study aimed investigate distribution smokers non-smokers a South African population using subgingival plaque samples. From 128 recruited participants, 57 were identified (serum cotinine: >15 ng/ml). Analysis 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated significant differences between two groups with...

Abstract Aims This study aims to investigate miR‐486‐5p and miR‐novel‐chr1_40444 expressions in dysglycemic individuals. Validating RNA‐sequencing findings a larger sample via reverse transcription qPCR (RT‐qPCR), we aim address global diagnostic screening limitations, using an African cohort as example. Materials Methods cross‐sectional involved 1,271 individuals [normoglycemic ( n = 974), prediabetic 206), screen‐detected type 2 diabetes 91)] from the ongoing Vascular Metabolic Health...

Background: Sepsis is characterised by multi-organ failure due to an uncontrolled immune response infection. prevalence increased in developing countries and requires prompt diagnosis treatment. Reports, although controversial, suggest that full blood count parameters cell ratios could assist the early screening for sepsis.Objective: The study evaluated use of haematological sepsis a South African population.Methods: retrospectively analysed complete counts, cultures (BC) biochemical test...

Abstract MicroRNAs are important in development of disease, and description novel microRNAs adds to the pool that can be targeted for diagnostic therapeutic purposes disease. Herein, we aimed describe a normotensive hypertensive African population relate their expression blood pressure parameters hypertension status. Previous work using next-generation sequencing showed differential two normotensives hypertensives. have investigated these by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase...

The asymptomatic nature of and lack effective early-stage diagnostic tools in CKD, predisposes individuals to the risk end-stage CKD related complications. Whole blood microRNAs (miRNAs) have potential for screening. We evaluated expression profile six novel whole miRNAs as well their ability predict prevalent with hypertension and/or diabetes. included 911 diabetes, which 18.8% had CKD. miRNA was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Five miRNAs, namely...