A5045178725- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Plant Gene Expression Analysis
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
2016-2025
University of Tehran
2024
Tottori University
2024
Tarbiat Modares University
2024
University of Verona
2024
Institute of Cytology and Genetics
2019
University of Tübingen
2016
Radboud University Nijmegen
2016
Leibniz Association
2003-2015
Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology
1994-2014
Cereal grasses of the Triticeae tribe have been major food source in temperate regions since dawn agriculture. Their large genomes are characterized by a high content repetitive elements and pericentromeric that virtually devoid meiotic recombination. Here we present high-quality reference genome assembly for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We use chromosome conformation capture mapping to derive linear order sequences across space investigate spatial organization chromatin nucleus at megabase...
Uniparental chromosome elimination occurs in several interspecific hybrids of plants. We studied the mechanism underlying selective paternal chromosomes during early development Hordeum vulgare × bulbosum embryos. The following conclusions regarding role centromere-specific histone H3 variant (CENH3) process were drawn: ( i ) centromere inactivity H. triggers mitosis-dependent uniparental unstable hybrids; ii centromeric loss CENH3 protein rather than silencing genes causes inactivity; iii...
Abstract Rye ( Secale cereale L.) is an exceptionally climate-resilient cereal crop, used extensively to produce improved wheat varieties via introgressive hybridization and possessing the entire repertoire of genes necessary enable hybrid breeding. allogamous only recently domesticated, thus giving cultivated ryes access a diverse exploitable wild gene pool. To further enhance agronomic potential rye, we produced chromosome-scale annotated assembly 7.9-gigabase rye genome validated its...
Abstract Not necessarily all cells of an organism contain the same genome. Some eukaryotes exhibit dramatic differences between different organs, resulting from programmed elimination chromosomes or their fragments. Here, we present a detailed analysis B chromosome in plants. Using goatgrass Aegilops speltoides as model, demonstrate that is strictly controlled and highly efficient root-specific process. At onset embryo differentiation undergo proto-root cells. Independent centromere...
The centromere represents a single region in most eukaryotic chromosomes. However, several plant and animal lineages assemble holocentromeres along the entire chromosome length. Here, we compare genome organization evolution as function of type by assembling chromosome-scale holocentric genomes with repeat-based from three beak-sedge (Rhynchospora pubera, R. breviuscula, tenuis) their closest monocentric relative, Juncus effusus. We demonstrate that transition to holocentricity affected 3D...
Centromeres are essential for chromosome segregation in eukaryotes, yet their specification is unexpectedly diverse among species and can involve major transitions such as those from localized to chromosome-wide centromeres between monocentric holocentric species. How this diversity evolves remains elusive. We discovered within-cell variation the recruitment of centromere protein CenH3, reminiscent typically observed While CenH3-containing nucleosomes distributed a fashion on autosomes bind...
Summary Strong methylation of lysine 4 (K4) and low 9 (K9) have been proposed as modifications histone H3, typical for transcriptionally active euchromatin the opposite inactive heterochromatin. We analysed correlation between global distribution methylated at either or 9, microscopically detectable euchromatic heterochromatic regions in relation to genome size 24 plant species. Two different patterns (K9)H3 (Met(K9)H3) were found that depend on size. For most species with small genomes (1C...
Complete uniparental chromosome elimination occurs in several interspecific hybrids of plants. We studied the mechanisms underlying selective paternal chromosomes during development wheat (Triticum aestivum) × pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) hybrid embryos. All were eliminated a random sequence between 6 and 23 d after pollination. Parental genomes spatially separated within nucleus, chromatin destined for occupied peripheral interphase positions. Structural reorganization occurred,...
The satellite sequences (AGGGAG) n and Ty 3 / gypsy -like retrotransposons are known to localize at the barley centromeres. Using a gametocidal system, which induces chromosomal mutations in chromosomes added common wheat, we obtained an isochromosome for short arm of chromosome 7H (7HS) that lacked barley-specific sequence . Two telocentric derivatives arose progeny: 7HS* with 7HS** without pericentromeric C-band. FISH analysis demonstrated both telosomes not only centromeric repeats...
Supernumerary B chromosomes are optional additions to the basic set of A chromosomes, and occur in all eukaryotic groups. They differ from complement morphology, pairing behavior, inheritance not required for normal growth development. The current view is that parasitic elements comparable selfish DNA, like transposons. In contrast transposons, they autonomously inherited independent host genome have their own mechanisms mitotic or meiotic drive. Although were first described a century ago,...
Abstract Most flowering plant species are hermaphroditic, but a small number of in most families unisexual (i.e., an individ‐ual will produce only male or female gametes). Because with flowers have evolved repeatedly from hermaphroditic progenitors, the mechanisms controlling sex determination plants extremely diverse. Sex is strongly determined by genotype all range single locus to chromosomes bearing several linked locirequired for determination. Plant hormones also influence expression...
Significance The generation of haploids is the most powerful means to accelerate plant-breeding process. We elucidated whether point mutations in centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENH3 could be harnessed for induction haploids. identified plants with impaired centromere loading caused by a mutation centromere-targeting domain (CATD). same results reduced transgenic Arabidopsis and sugar beet. carrying this single wild-type were used as haploid inducers. Because site highly conserved...
The genomes of barley and wheat, two the world's most important crops, are very large complex due to their high content repetitive DNA. In order obtain a whole-genome sequence sample, we performed runs 454 (GS20) sequencing on genomic DNA cv. Morex, which yielded approximately 1% haploid genome equivalent. Almost 60% sequences comprised known transposable element (TE) families, another 9% represented novel sequences. We also discovered amounts low-complexity non-genic low-copy identified...
Abstract Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) is a cereal grass mainly used as animal fodder and raw material for the malting industry. The map-based reference genome sequence of barley cv. ‘Morex’ was constructed by International Genome Sequencing Consortium (IBSC) using hierarchical shotgun sequencing. Here, we report experimental computational procedures to (i) assemble more than 80,000 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones along minimum tiling path genome-wide physical map, (ii) find...
The facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex, consisting of the SSRP1 and SPT16 proteins, is a histone chaperone that assists progression transcribing RNA polymerase on templates by destabilizing nucleosomes. Here, we examined plants harbour mutations in genes encoding subunits Arabidopsis FACT. These experiments revealed (i) critical for plant viability, (ii) with reduced amounts display various defects vegetative reproductive development. Thus, mutant an increased number leaves...
Summary Elucidating the spatiotemporal organization of genome inside nucleus is imperative to our understanding regulation genes and non‐coding sequences during development environmental changes. Emerging techniques chromatin imaging promise bridge long‐standing gap between sequencing studies, which reveal genomic information, studies that provide spatial temporal information defined regions. Here, we demonstrate such an technique based on two orthologues bacterial clustered regularly...
Chromosomal inversions are recurrent rearrangements that occur between different plant isolates or cultivars. Such may underlie reproductive isolation in evolution and represent a major obstacle for classical breeding as no crossovers can be observed inverted sequences on homologous chromosomes. The heterochromatic knob (hk4S) chromosome 4 is the most well-known inversion of Arabidopsis. If carrying accession such Col-0 crossed with knob-less Ler-1, cannot recovered within region. Our work...