Thrombosis is one of the main complications in cancer patients often leading to mortality. However, mechanisms underlying platelet hyperactivation are poorly understood.

The interferon (IFN) system represents the first line of defense against a wide range viruses. Virus infection rapidly triggers transcriptional induction IFN-β and IFN Stimulated Genes (ISGs), whose protein products act as viral restriction factors by interfering with specific stages virus life cycle, such entry, transcription, translation, genome replication, assembly egress. Here, we report new mode action an ISG, IFN-induced TDRD7 (tudor domain containing 7) inhibited paramyxovirus...

For many individuals, daily commuting activities on roadways account for a substantial proportion of total exposure, as well peak-level exposures, to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPS) including ultrafine particles, but the health impacts these exposures are not well-understood. We sought determine if exposure TRAPs particles during causes acute oxidative stress in respiratory tract or changes heart rate variability (HRV), measure autonomic activity.We conducted randomized, cross-over...

Interferon (IFN) is required for protecting mice from viral pathogenesis; reciprocally, it mediates the deleterious septic shock response to bacterial infection. The critical transcription factor IFN induction, in both cases, IRF-3, which activated by TLR3 or RIG-I signaling virus infection and TLR4 Here, we report that IRF-3's transcriptional activity its coactivators, β-catenin CBP, be modified HDAC6-mediated deacetylation protein kinase C isozyme β (PKC-β)-mediated phosphorylation,...

Toll-like receptor 2 contributes to innate immune responses in endothelial cells as well cells.

Infection of cultured cells by paramyxoviruses causes cell death, mediated a newly discovered apoptotic pathway activated virus infection. The key proapoptotic protein in this is interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), which upon activation infection binds BAX, translocates it to mitochondria, and triggers apoptosis. When IRF-3-knockdown were infected with Sendai (SeV), persistent (PI) was established. PI produced infectious SeV continuously constitutively expressed many innate immune genes....

Abstract Laser flash photolysis has been used to determine the bimolecular rate constants and spectral nature of intermediates obtained by reaction sulfate radical anion (SO ) with 1,3,5‐triazine (T), 2,4,6‐trimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine (TMT), 2,4‐dioxohexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (DHT), 6‐chloro N ‐ethyl N'‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine (atrazine, AT). The determined were in range 4.6 × 10 7 –3 9 dm 3 mol −1 s at pH 6. transient absorption spectra from SO T, TMT, DHT AT an maximum...

The innate immune response to virus infection leads interferon production and inhibition of viral replication. STING, an ER-bound protein, mediates such a cytoplasmic cellular or microbial DNA.

Abstract Mammalian TLRs recognize microbial infection or cell death–associated danger signals and trigger the appropriate cellular response. These responses determine strength outcome of host–microbe interaction. are transmembrane proteins located on plasma endosomal membrane. Their ectodomains specific endogenous ligands, cytoplasmic domains interact with to activate intracellular signaling pathways. TLR9, an TLR, is activated by endocytosed DNA. Activated TLR9 recruits adapter MyD88 other...

Abstract A novel reaction between sulfate radical anion (SO4•-) and cyanuric acid (CA), a non-degradable end product of the oxidative degradation triazine based herbicide, atrazine, is presented using laser flash photolysis steady state radiolysis techniques at pH 5. second order rate constant 1.9×107 dm3 mol-1 s-1 has been determined transient intermediate (λmax=330 nm) assigned to cation CA (CA•+). The profile indicated that about 76% have decomposed after an absorbed γ-radiation dose 18...

ABSTRACT Many viruses activate cellular autophagy in infected cells to facilitate their replication. Recently, we identified an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) Tudor domain containing 7 (TDRD7), which inhibits viral replication by blocking pathway. Here, present a molecular mechanism for TDRD7 action and its relative contribution protection against pathogenesis. inhibited the activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), required initiating autophagy....

A study is made of the kinetics and mechanism reaction radiolytically produced hydrated electron (e-aq) with some triazine derivatives [1,3,5-triazine (T), 2,4,6-trimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (TMT), 2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DHT), 6-chloro N-ethyl N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine 2,4-diamine (atrazine, AT), cyanuric acid (CA)] in aqueous medium using pulse steady-state radiolysis techniques. The second-order rate constants were determined from pseudo first-order decay e-aq presence...

Pulse radiolysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level have been carried out to probe the reaction of water-derived hydroxyl radicals (•OH) with 5-azacytosine (5Ac) 5-azacytidine (5Acyd) near neutral basic pH. A low percentage nitrogen-centered oxidizing radicals, a high non-oxidizing carbon-centered were identified based on transient intermediates 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), ABTS2-. Theoretical suggests that N3 atom in 5Ac is most...

Pulse and steady state radiolysis techniques have been used to determine the bimolecular rate constants investigate spectral nature of intermediates degradation induced by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) with 1,3,5-triazine (T), 2,4,6-trimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (TMT), 2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DHT) in aqueous medium. A competitive kinetic method KSCN as •OH scavenger was for reaction T, TMT, DHT. The are 3.4 × 109, 2.06 108, 1.61 109 dm3 mol-1 s-1 respectively, DHT at pH ∼6. transient...

Reactions of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) with 2-amino-4-methyl pyrimidine (AMP), 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl (ADMP), 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methyl (AMMP), 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl (AHMP), 4,6-dihydroxy-2-methyl (DHMP), 2,4-dimethyl-6-hydroxy (DMHP), 6-methyl uracil (MU), and 5,6-dimethyl (DMU) have been studied by pulse radiolysis steady-state techniques at different pH values. The second-order rate constants the reaction •OH these systems are order (2−9) × 109 dm3 mol-1 s-1 near neutral pH. difference...

S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) undergoes decomposition induced by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in aqueous medium at neutral pH forming nitrite (NO2−) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) therefore it is proposed that ·OH could interfere the GSNO metabolism.

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins required for recognizing microbial components or cellular danger signals to activate intracellular signaling pathways leading induction of anti-microbial and inflammatory genes. Inactive TLRs require ligand-induced activation recruit adaptor proteins, e.g., MyD88, trigger the synthesis cytokines interferons. TLR9 is an endosomal membrane-bound protein, which binds CpG-containing DNA endogenous from dead cells tissue damage. We...

The reaction of the hydroxyl radical (.OH) with S-nitroso derivatives cysteine, acetylcysteine and glutathione was studied at neutral acidic pH. second-order rate constants were determined by a competition kinetic method using deoxyribose-thiobarbituric acid assay. diffusion controlled 2.27, 1.94 1.46 x 10(10) dm3 mol-1 s-1, for S-nitrosocysteine, S-nitrosoacetylcysteine S-nitrosoglutathione respectively, major products degradation induced .OH found to be corresponding disulfide (-S-S-)...