Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis and mucopolysaccharidosis are both rare diseases that pose significant airway maintenance challenges to anesthesiologists. In this report, we describe the anesthesia management in a 4‐year‐old male with type II who developed toxic presented for ophthalmic surgical procedures. Combined use of propofol ketamine support high‐flow nasal oxygen enabled adequate analgesia sedation while maintaining spontaneous ventilation patency. The strategy report may...

Lung protective strategy is widely accepted in ventilator management for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition to ventilator-induced lung injury, care must be taken prevent patient self-inflicted injury while preserving the patient’s spontaneous breathing. We propose a new concept that furosemide-induced metabolic alkalosis may play pulmonary role. present pediatric with severe ARDS who was successfully treated combination of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) and...

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension is associated with significant risk of perioperative life-threatening events. We present a case 12-year-old child severe pulmonary arterial who successfully underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization under ketamine and dexmedetomidine sedation the support high-flow nasal oxygen. Ketamine are reported to have minimal effect on vasculature in children can be safely used this population along its lack respiratory depression. Positive pressure generated by...

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement under real-time ultrasound guidance has emerged as a favorable procedure in children method to efficiently obtain access. Nevertheless, small infants with hemodynamic instability are at high risk of complications and extra precautions necessary. We present case an inadvertent arterial PICC two-month-old infant dilated cardiomyopathy decompensated heart failure. Differentiation arteries veins ultrasonographic evaluation may sometimes be...

Abstract Background: Nurses play an essential role in pain management the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). However, their perceptions regarding and current practice of assessment Japanese PICUs remain unknown. Methods: In January 2021, we conducted a multicenter, cross‐sectional survey across 35 Japan. A structured questionnaire which focused on nurses' was developed, pilot‐tested, revised. Twenty copies were sent to each institution distributed nursing staff. Results: total 356 nurses...

Abstract Severe oral mucositis as a complication of chemotherapy may lead to airway obstruction and require prolonged intubation. As its course is consistent with the neutropenia, management strategies should be determined individually.

Abstract: Although the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is multifactorial, central airway collapse reported to have a great impact on symptom severity. In COPD patients, positive pressure formed by hyperinflated lungs compressing tracheal wall and negative changes in intratracheal static due rapid expiratory flow velocity at beginning expiration trachea. This phenomenon can be explained fluid dynamics theory. Our hypothesis that ventilatory strategy focusing...

Thorough preoperative risk assessment and planning is key to improving patient safety in the perioperative period. Analysis of unplanned ICU admissions after general anesthesia has been validated as a measure its use quality initiative recommended many countries.The aims this study were determine reasons for admission, required interventions, outcomes our hospital, well predictability preventability events that led admission with view anesthetic management.A single-center, retrospective...

Agitation exacerbates symptoms in patients with croup, but the reports on therapeutic effects of sedation these without intubation are scarce. We describe a typical case croup wherein light dexmedetomidine was effective treating and discuss how agitation improves from viewpoint fluid dynamics theory addition to conventional explanation. The mechanism dynamic airway collapse during inspiration supports effectiveness dexmedetomidine.

Abstract Croup is a common respiratory illness in children with substantial variation the severity of symptoms. Most patients present mild symptoms, but severe croup require intensive care unit (ICU) management. The aim this study was to investigate airway management who required intubation and determine risk factors for prolonged intubation. We performed an 18-year retrospective observational cohort at pediatric ICU tertiary children's hospital Japan. A total 16 were intubated upper...

1Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan 2Division of Anesthesiology,

Pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy may present upper airway obstruction due to severe oral mucositis. Although reversible, its clinical course correlates with the of neutropenia and be complicated. Thus, management in these must determined on an individual case basis.