Antiaging therapies show promise in model organism research. Translation to humans is needed address the challenges of an aging global population. Interventions slow human will need be applied still-young individuals. However, most research examines older adults, many with chronic disease. As a result, little known about young humans. We studied 954 humans, Dunedin Study birth cohort, tracking multiple biomarkers across three time points spanning their third and fourth decades life....

The geroscience hypothesis posits that therapies to slow biological processes of aging can prevent disease and extend healthy years life. To test such "geroprotective" in humans, outcome measures are needed assess extension disease-free life span. This need has spurred development different methods quantify aging. But have not been systematically compared the same humans. We implemented 7 using repeated-measures physiological genomic data 964 middle-aged humans Dunedin Study (New Zealand;...

Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for most forms of psychopathology. We examine emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking general A sample 262 children and adolescents participated; 162 (61.8%) experienced abuse or exposure to domestic violence. assessed four regulation processes (cognitive reappraisal, attention bias threat, expressive suppression, rumination) emotional reactivity. Psychopathology symptoms were concurrently at 2-year longitudinal...

Adolescence is the peak age for both victimization and mental disorder onset. Previous research has reported associations between exposure many psychiatric conditions. However, causality remains controversial. Within Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, we tested whether seven types of adolescent increased risk multiple conditions approached causal inference by systematically ruling out noncausal explanations. within-individual analyses showed that was followed health problems over a...

We review epidemiological evidence indicating that most people will develop a diagnosable mental disorder, suggesting only minority experience enduring health.This has received little empirical study, leaving the prevalence and predictors of health unknown.We turn to population-representative Dunedin cohort, followed from birth midlife, compare never-diagnosed with disorder (N=171; 17% prevalence) those diagnosed at 1-2 study waves, cohort mode (N=409).Surprisingly, compared this modal...

<h3>Importance</h3> Millions of adults now entering middle age were exposed to high levels lead, a developmental neurotoxin, as children. Although childhood lead exposure has been linked disrupted behavioral development, the long-term consequences for adult mental and health have not fully characterized. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether is associated with greater psychopathology across life course difficult personality traits. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This prospective...

<h3>Importance</h3> Air pollution exposure damages the brain, but its associations with development of psychopathology are not fully characterized. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether air in childhood and adolescence is associated greater at 18 years age. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> The Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study a population-based cohort study 2232 children born from January 1, 1994, to December 4, 1995, across England Wales followed up Pollution data generation...

Observational studies have linked cannabis use to an array of negative outcomes, including psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, and educational occupational underachievement. These associations are particularly strong when occurs in adolescence. Nevertheless, causality remains unclear. The purpose the present study was thus examine between prospectively assessed adolescent young-adult outcomes (psychiatric, cognitive, socioeconomic) three longitudinal twins (

Early-life intelligence has been shown to predict multiple causes of death in populations around the world. This finding suggests that might influence mortality through its effects on a general process physiological deterioration (i.e., individual variation "biological age"). We examined whether could measures aging at midlife before onset most age-related disease. tested assessed early childhood, middle and predicted biological age members Dunedin Study, population-representative birth...

Background Psychopathology and risky behaviors increase during adolescence, understanding which adolescents are most at risk informs prevention intervention efforts. Pubertal timing relative to same‐sex, same‐age peers is a known correlate of adolescent outcomes among both boys girls. However, it remains unclear whether this relation better explained by plausible causal process or unobserved familial liability. Methods We extended previous research examining associations between pubertal in...

Molecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine use have identified many genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci. We measured associations between drinking smoking polygenic scores (PGS) trajectories outcomes from late childhood to early adulthood, substance-specific versus broader-liability PGS effects, if performance varied for consumption problematic substance use.

Abstract Cognitive impairment has been identified as an important aspect of major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested two theories regarding the association between MDD and cognitive functioning using data from longitudinal cohort studies. One theory, reserve hypothesis , suggests that higher ability in childhood decreases risk later MDD. The second, scarring instead leads to persistent deficits following onset. both Dunedin Study, a population-representative followed birth midlife assessed...

Recent well-powered genome-wide association studies have enhanced prediction of substance use outcomes via polygenic scores (PGSs). Here, we test (1) whether these contribute to over-and-above family history, (2) the extent which PGS reflects inherited genetic variation

Psychological resilience as a longitudinal process is highly relevant for understanding the functioning outcomes of military populations. Here, we review extant literature on among service members, focusing National Guard Soldiers. Our specific project (Advancing Research Mechanisms Resilience, "ARMOR") aims to develop comprehensive model using multilevel perspective. We report results from our prospective pilot study (n = 103) conducted in preparation large-scale cohort Basic Combat...

We examined whether a polygenic score (PGS) for smoking measured genetic risk general behavioral disinhibition by estimating its associations with externalizing and internalizing psychopathology related personality traits at multiple time points in adolescence (ages 11, 14, 17 years; N = 3,225). The PGS had strong the stable variance across all measures (mean standardized β 0.27), agreeableness (β −0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.28, −0.16]), conscientiousness −0.19, CI [−0.24,...

Background: While socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental educational attainment show robust associations with health behaviors substance use, the protective effects of these may differ across racial groups. This phenomenon weaker between SES and outcomes for marginalized minoritized groups relative to non-Hispanic White people has been labeled “Marginalization-related Diminished Returns” (MDRs). Here, we test both whether is associated marijuana use frequency in youth well...

Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) were shown to be naturally infected with Bartonella rochalimae, a species similar clarridgeiae (B.c.), and vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii (B.v.berkhoffii) in northern California. A serological survey was performed investigate the presence of infection 132 gray from West/Central Texas. Using an immunofluorescence antibody test directed against B.v.berkhoffii B.c., prevalence 50% (66/132), 22 (33.3%) individuals seropositive for B.c. only, 8 (12.2%)...

Educational success is associated with greater quality of life and depends, in part, on heritable cognitive non-cognitive traits. We used polygenic scores (PGS) for smoking educational attainment to examine different genetic influences facets academic adjustment adolescence adulthood. PGSs were calculated participants the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 3225) included as predictors grades, motivation, discipline problems at ages 11, 14, 17 years-old, cigarettes per day from 14 24 years old,...

Observational studies have repeatedly linked cannabis use and increased risk of psychosis. We sought to clarify whether this association reflects a causal effect exposure or residual confounding. analyzed data from two cohorts twins who completed repeated, prospective measures (N = 1544) disorder symptoms 1458) in adolescence dimensional measure psychosis-proneness (the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Psychoticism scale) adulthood. Twins also provided molecular genetic data, which were used...

Military services provide a unique opportunity for studying resilience, dynamic process of successful adaptation (ie, doing well in terms functioning and symptoms) response to significant adversity. Despite the tremendous interest positive among military service members, little is known about processes underlying their resilience. Understanding neurobiological, cognitive, social mechanisms adaptive following stressor exposure essential enhancing resilience members.

Psychophysiology can help elucidate the structure and developmental mechanisms of psychopathology, consistent with Research Domain Criteria initiative. Cross-sectional research using categorical diagnoses indicates that P300 is an electrocortical endophenotype indexing genetic vulnerability to externalizing problems. However, current diagnostic systems' limitations impede a precise understanding risk. The Hierarchical Taxonomy Psychopathology (HiTOP) overcomes these by delineating reliable...