Induction of an altered phenotype by prenatal under-nutrition involves changes in the epigenetic regulation specific genes. We investigated effect feeding pregnant rats a protein-restricted (PR) diet with different amounts folic acid on methylation individual CpG dinucleotides hepatic PPARα promoter juvenile offspring, and maternal PR adult offspring. Pregnant (five per group) were fed 180 g/kg casein (control) or 90 1 mg/kg (PR), 5 (PRF). Offspring killed postnatal day 34 males females 80...

Epidemiological studies and experimental models show that maternal nutritional constraint during pregnancy alters the metabolic phenotype of offspring this can be passed to subsequent generations. In rat, induction an altered in liver F1 generation by feeding a protein-restricted diet (PRD) involves methylation specific gene promoters. We therefore investigated whether PPARalpha glucocorticoid receptor (GR) promoters was F2 generation. Females rats (F0) were fed reference (180 g/kg protein)...

Dietary protein restriction in the rat compromises maternal cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy and leads raised blood pressure endothelial dysfunction offspring. In this study we have hypothesized that dietary folate supplementation of low-protein diet will improve vascular function also restore offspring function. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed either a control (18% casein) or protein-restricted (9% +/-5 mg/kg supplement. Function isolated uterine artery small mesenteric arteries from...

Early embryonic development is known to be susceptible maternal undernutrition, leading a disease‐related postnatal phenotype. To determine whether this sensitivity extended into oocyte development, we examined the effect of normal protein diet (18% casein; NPD) or isocaloric low (9% LPD) restricted one ovulatory cycle (3.5 days) prior natural mating in female MF‐1 mice. After mating, all females received NPD for remainder gestation and offspring were litter size adjusted fed standard chow....

Poor prenatal nutrition, acting through epigenetic processes, induces persistent changes in offspring phenotype. We investigated the effect of maternal fat intake on polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status and regulation Fads2, encoding Δ6 desaturase (rate limiting PUFA synthesis), adult offspring. Rats (n=6 per dietary group) were fed either 3.5% (w/w), 7% (w/w) or 21% butter fish oil (FO) from 14 days preconception until weaning. Offspring males females 4% soybean postnatal day 77....

The early life environment has long-term implications for the risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) disease in adulthood. Fetal responses to changes maternal nutrition may be immediate benefit fetus, but effects these adaptations prove detrimental if postnatal does not match that predicted by fetus on basis its prenatal environment. We tested this predictive adaptive response hypothesis with respect CV function sheep. observed a mismatch between pre- and nutrient environments induced an...

Protein restriction in rat pregnancy programmes the development of elevated systolic blood pressure and vascular dysfunction offspring. A recent study has shown that hypertension is reversed by maternal glycine supplementation. Whether this protective effect exerted directly on embryo fetus, or indirectly via effects mother, unknown although we have previously abnormalities vasculature. We tested hypothesis dietary repletion would reverse endothelial protein-restricted pregnant dams using...

We have previously demonstrated that maternal protein restriction during pregnancy leads to raised blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in the offspring (F1). Here we show these characteristics are transmitted F2 through line, absence of any additional challenges F1. Female Wistar rats were fed either a control (18% casein) or protein-restricted diet (PR; 9% throughout pregnancy. F1 offspring, maintained on standard chow postpartum, mated with breeding males produce progeny. Systolic...

Dietary protein restriction during gestation has been shown to produce vascular dysfunction in pregnant rats and hypertension their offspring. However, no studies have date examined the effects of such 'programming' on function female offspring when they turn become pregnant. We therefore studied isolated conduit resistance artery from control (C, 18 % casein) protein-restricted (PR, 9 dams. There were differences birth weight, weight gain pregnancy, litter size, fetal placental : ratio or...

Environmental perturbations during early mammalian development can affect aspects of offspring growth and cardiovascular health. We have demonstrated previously that maternal gestational dietary protein restriction in mice significantly elevated adult systolic blood pressure. Therefore, the present study investigates key mechanisms pressure regulation these mice. Following mating, female MF-1 were assigned to either a normal-protein diet (NPD; 18 % casein) or an isocaloric low-protein...

Aims To determine the impact of maternal and post-weaning consumption a high fat diet on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation redox regulation in adult male mouse offspring. Methods Female C57BL6J mice were fed an obesogenic (HF, 45% kcal fat) or standard chow (C, 21% pre-conception throughout pregnancy lactation. Post-weaning, offspring continued same as their mothers placed alternative to give 4 dietary groups (C/C, HF/C, C/HF HF/HF) which studied at 15 30 weeks age. Results There...

Impaired flexibility in the use of substrates for energy production heart is implicated cardiomyopathy. We investigated effect maternal protein restriction during pregnancy rats on transcription key genes cardiac lipid and carbohydrate metabolism offspring. Rats were fed protein-sufficient or protein-restricted (PR) diets pregnancy. Triacylglycerol concentration adult (day 105) was altered by intake contingent post-weaning fat sex. mRNA expression peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor...

Nutrition during development affects risk of future cardiovascular disease. Relatively little is known about whether the amount and type fat in maternal diet affect vascular function offspring. To investigate this, pregnant lactating rats were fed either 7%(w/w) or 21%(w/w) enriched either18:2n-6, trans fatty acids, saturated fish oil. Their offspring 4%(w/w) soybean oil from weaning until day 77. Type dietary altered acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated vaso-relaxation aortae mesenteric arteries,...

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) causes increased transfer maternal bile acids to the fetus and an incidence sudden fetal death. Treatment includes ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), but it is not clear if UDCA protects fetus. This study explores placental transport taurocholate (TC) by organic anion–transporting polypeptide, (OATP)4A1, its effects on proteome vascular function, how these are modified UDCA. Various methodological approaches including villous fragments Xenopus laevis...

Endothelial dysfunction underlies cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans and is reported animal models of developmental origins such disease. We have investigated whether impaired antioxidant defences NO generation underlie the genesis endothelial operate as part normal processes plasticity regulating induction phenotype offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed either a control (C, 18% protein) or protein-restricted (PR, 9% diet throughout pregnancy. Dams pups returned to standard laboratory...

Increasing evidence suggests a role for prenatal environment in the onset of cardiovascular and metabolic disease later life. In rat, undernutrition utero postnatal high-fat diet gives rise to phenotype similar syndrome. As endothelial dysfunction is feature both CVD syndrome we investigated impact maternal and/or on function. Virgin Wistar rats were mated randomly assigned groups receive food either ad libitum (control) or at 30% intake throughout gestation. At day 250, cohort from each...

The nutritional environment during development and even prior to conception may contribute cardiovascular risk. In mature adult female sheep, we investigated the effect of preconceptional periconceptional maternal restriction on vascular reactivity arteries from four beds supplying heart, thorax, kidney hindlimb. Welsh Mountain ewes received 100% nutrient requirements throughout gestation (control group, C, n = 18), or 50% for 30 days (preconceptional PRE, 20) 15 either side...

Maternal protein restriction in rats leads to endothelial dysfunction and decreased NO bioavailability the offspring. Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are recognized have pleiotropic actions including increasing reducing inflammation oxidative damage. This study assessed statin treatment on vascular function a model of dysfunction, which is independent dyslipidemia. Wistar were fed control (18% casein) or protein-restricted (9% diet throughout pregnancy....

Background and Purpose The ω‐6 fatty acid‐derived lipid mediators such as prostanoids, thromboxane leukotrienes have well‐established roles in regulating both inflammation smooth muscle contractility. Resolvins are derived from ω‐3 acids important promoting the resolution of inflammation, but their activity on contractility is unknown. We investigated whether resolvin E1 (RvE1), D1 (RvD1) D2 (RvD2) can modulate contractions isolated segments rat thoracic aorta (RTA) or human pulmonary artery...

Abstract Placental function is essential for fetal development and establishing the foundations lifelong health. The placental villous stroma a connective tissue layer that supports capillaries trophoblast. All nutrients cross placenta must also stroma, yet little known about this region. This study uses high‐resolution three‐dimensional imaging to explore structural complexity of region within villi. Serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy confocal were used image in...

Abstract The placental microvasculature is a conduit for fetal blood allowing solute exchange between the mother and fetus. Serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy (SBF SEM) allows ultrastructure to be viewed in three dimensions provides new perspective on anatomy. This study used SBF SEM endothelial cells within human from uncomplicated pregnancies. Term villi were aldehyde‐fixed processed imaging by SEM. Manual segmentation was carried out terminal villous capillary an intermediate...

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound that has adverse health outcomes in adults when exposed during the perinatal period. However, its effect on cardiovascular function remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined effects of daily administration BPA pregnant mice from gestational days 11 19 cardiometabolic adult offspring. Prenatal exposure resulted altered growth trajectory and organ size, increase adiposity impaired glucose homeostasis male female addition, these offspring...