A5081252030- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- interferon and immune responses
- Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Protein purification and stability
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Algorithms and Data Compression
Luxembourg Institute of Health
2015-2023
Laboratoire National de Santé
2010-2015
Inserm
2007-2011
Délégation Paris 7
2007-2011
Université Paris Cité
2007-2011
Hôpital Saint-Louis
2011
Institut Pasteur
2003
Viral sequence classification has wide applications in clinical, epidemiological, structural and functional categorization studies. Most existing approaches rely on an initial alignment step followed by based phylogenetic or statistical algorithms. Here we present ultrafast alignment-free subtyping tool for human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) adapted from Prediction Partial Matching compression. This tool, named COMET, was compared to the widely used phylogeny-based REGA SCUEAL...
SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination elicit a broad range of neutralizing antibody responses against the different variants concern (VOC). We established new variant-adapted surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and assessed activity ancestral B.1 (WT) VOC Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5. Analytical performances were compared respective to reference (VNT) two CE-IVD labeled kits using three cohorts collected during COVID-19 waves. Correlation analyses showed moderate strong...
The emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to raltegravir, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor, follows distinct and independent genetic pathways, among which the N155H Q148HKR pathways are most frequently encountered in treated patients. After prolonged viral escape, mutants pathway replaced by pathway. We have examined mechanisms driving this evolutionary pattern using approach that assesses selective advantage site-directed mutant viruses as a function drug...
Human Immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) entry into target cells involves binding of the viral envelope (Env) to CD4 and a coreceptor, mainly CCR5 or CXCR4. The only currently licensed HIV inhibitor, maraviroc, targets CCR5, presence CXCX4-using strains must be excluded prior treatment. Co-receptor usage can assessed by phenotypic assays through genotypic prediction. Here we compared performance Env-Recombinant Viral Assay (RVA) two most widely used prediction algorithms,...
Over the past decade antiretroviral drugs have dramatically improved prognosis for HIV-1 infected individuals, yet achieving better access to vulnerable populations remains a challenge. The principal obstacle CCR5-antagonist, maraviroc, from being more widely used in anti-HIV-1 therapy regimens is that pre-treatment genotypic "tropism tests" determine virus susceptibility maraviroc been developed primarily subtype B strains, which account only 10% of infections worldwide. We therefore...
Non-B subtypes account for at least 50 % of HIV-1 infections diagnosed in Belgium and Luxembourg. They are considered to be acquired through heterosexual contacts infect primarily individuals foreign origin. Information on the extent which non-B spread local population is incomplete.Pol env gene sequences were collected from 410 non-subtype B infections. Profound subtyping was performed using 5 tools both pol env. Demographic information, disease markers (viral load, CD4 count) viral...
ABSTRACT TRIM5α is a restriction factor that can block an early step in the retroviral life cycle by recognizing and causing disassembly of incoming viral capsids, thereby preventing completion reverse transcription. Numerous other isoforms human TRIM5 exist, lacking C-terminal SPRY domain inhibit activity TRIM5α. Thus, given cell type could be dependent on relative proportions expressed, but little information concerning expression cells available. In this study, we demonstrate mRNAs coding...
ABSTRACT The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are promising non-virus-encoded targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. We describe a selection procedure to isolate mutant forms of RANTES (CCL5) with antiviral activity considerably in excess that the native chemokine. phage-displayed library randomly mutated N-terminally extended variants was screened by using live CCR5-expressing cells, two selected mutants, P1 P2, were further characterized. Both significantly more potent...
Formation of an additional extracellular loop affects the ligand-binding properties and rigidity G protein–coupled receptors.
SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concern because of their high transmissibility and ability to evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by prior infection or vaccination. Here, we compared the abilities sera from 70 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients infected before emergence (VOCs) 16 vaccine breakthrough (BTI) cases with Gamma Delta against ancestral B.1 strain, Gamma, Omicron BA.1 VOCs using live virus. We further determined antibody levels Nucleocapsid (N) full Spike proteins, receptor-binding domain...
ABSTRACT Permissiveness of monocytes and macrophages to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is modulated by various stimuli. In this study we demonstrate that stimulation primary monocyte-derived (MDM) through the receptors for Fc portion immunoglobulin G (IgG) (FcγR) inhibits HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replication. Viral p24 production was decreased 1.5 3 log units in MDM infected with both R5 X4 HIV-1 strains upon immobilized IgG but not soluble or F(ab′) 2 fragments. Although activation...
To identify mechanisms of resistance to HIV-1 infection in exposed uninfected individuals.We examined in-vitro cell susceptibility highly Vietnamese intravascular drug users (IDU) who, despite a history more than 10 years use and high prevalence other blood-borne viral infections, remain apparently HIV uninfected.Forty-five IDU 50 blood donors were included the study. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) or CD4 susceptibilities evaluated using three isolates with different tropisms....
Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 is naturally resistant to some antiretroviral drugs, restricting therapeutic options for patients infected with HIV-2. Regimens including integrase inhibitors (INI) seem be effective, but little data on HIV-2 (IN) polymorphisms and resistance pathways are available. Materials methods The coding sequence from 45 HIV-2-infected, INI-naïve, was sequenced aligned against the ROD (group A) or EHO B) reference strains polymorphic conserved...
Antiretroviral treatment failure is associated with the emergence of resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) populations which often express altered replicative capacity (RC). The resistance and RC clinical HIV-1 strains, however, are generally assayed using activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or tumor cell lines. Because their high proliferation rate concurrent deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) content, both alterations might be misestimated in these systems....
Resistance mutations to the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide emerge mainly within drug's target region, HR1, and compensatory have been described HR2. The surrounding envelope (env) genetic context might also contribute resistance, although what extent through which determinants remains elusive. To quantify direct role of env in resistance viral infectivity, we compared susceptibility infectivity recombinant pairs harboring HR1–HR2 region or full Env ectodomain longitudinal clones from 5...
Abstract Background The combination of tenofovir and efavirenz with either lamivudine or emtricitabine (TELE) has proved to be highly effective in clinical trials for first-line treatment HIV-1 infection. However, limited data are available on its efficacy routine practice. Methods A multicentre cohort study was performed therapy-naive patients initiating ART TELE before July 2009. Efficacy studied using ITT (missing switch = failure) on-treatment (OT) analyses. Genotypic susceptibility...
APOBEC3 (A3) enzymes are best known for their role as antiviral restriction factors and mutagens in cancer. Although four of them, A3A, A3B, A3F A3G, induced by type-1-interferon (IFN-I), inflammatory conditions is unknown. We thus investigated the expression A3, particularly A3A A3B because ability to edit cellular DNA, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a chronic disease characterized high IFN-α serum levels. In cohort 57 SLE patients, but also A3C were upregulated ~ 10 15-fold (>...
Abstract Introduction The chemokine receptor CCR 5 is the main co‐receptor for R5‐tropic HIV ‐1 variants. We have previously described a novel 24‐base pair deletion in coding region of among individuals from Rwanda. Here, we investigated prevalence hCCR 5Δ24 different cohorts and its impact on expression infection vitro . Methods screened total 3232 which were either uninfected, high‐risk seronegative seropositive partners serodiscordant couples, Long‐Term Survivors, or infected volunteers...
Background: Chief among mechanisms of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) reactivation is the appearance mutations in TERT promoter. The two main promoter are C>T transitions located -146C>T and -124C>T upstream from translational start site. They generate a novel Ets/TCF binding Both mutually exclusive strikingly overrepresented most cancers. We investigated whether this mutational bias mutual exclusion could be due to transcriptional constraints. Methods: compared sense antisense...