A5061599706- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Analytical chemistry methods development
- CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
Maastricht University
2021-2024
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research
2014-2023
Radboud University Nijmegen
2022
Anhui University
2022
Technical University of Denmark
2022
Eindhoven University of Technology
1992-2021
Plasma (Russia)
2020
Royal Military Academy
2020
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2019
École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille
2019
Power‐to‐gas is a storage technology aiming to convert surplus electricity from renewable energy sources like wind and solar power into gaseous fuels compatible with the current network infrastructure. Results of CO 2 dissociation in vortex‐stabilized microwave plasma reactor are presented. The field, residence time, quenching, vortex configuration were varied investigate their influence on energy‐ conversion efficiency dissociation. Significant deterioration observed at forward plasmas upon...
The strong non-equilibrium conditions provided by the plasma phase offer opportunity to beat traditional thermal process energy efficiencies via preferential excitation of molecular vibrations. Simple physics considerations are presented explain potential dissociation pathways in and their effect on efficiency. A common microwave reactor approach is evaluated experimentally with Rayleigh scattering Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assess gas temperatures (exceeding 10(4) K) conversion...
A magnetized hydrogen plasma beam was generated with a cascaded arc, expanding in vacuum vessel at an axial magnetic field of up to 1.6T. Its characteristics were measured distance 4cm from the nozzle: 2cm diameter, 7.5×1020m−3 electron density, ∼2eV and ion temperatures, 3.5km∕s velocity. This gives 2.6×1024H+m−2s−1 peak flux which is unprecedented linear generators. The high efficiency source obtained by combined action optimized nozzle geometry. interpreted as cross-field return current...
This paper reports the impact on confinement and power load of high-shape 2.5 MA ELMy H-mode scenario at JET a change from all carbon plasma-facing components to an metal wall. In preparation this change, systematic studies reduction as result fuelling in combination with nitrogen seeding were carried out JET-C are compared their counterpart metallic An unexpected significant is reported decrease pedestal but partially recovered injection nitrogen.
The impact of carbon and beryllium/tungsten as plasma-facing components on plasma radiation, divertor power particle fluxes, neutral conditions in the divertors has been assessed JET both experimentally by edge fluid code simulations for plasmas low-confinement mode. In high-recycling studies show a 30% reduction total radiation scrape-off (SOL) layer when replacing (JET-C) with beryllium main chamber tungsten (JET-ILW). Correspondingly, at low-field side (LFS) plate two-fold increase...
A suite of diagnostics is proposed to characterize microwave plasma dissociation CO 2 : laser scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and passive emission imaging. It provides a comprehensive performance characterization as illustrated on the basis experiments in 2.45 GHz, 1 kW reactor with tangential gas injection. For example, two operating regimes are identified function pressure: diffuse constricted mode. Their occurrence explained by evaluation propagation, which changes...
This paper brings the comparison of performances CO2 conversion by plasma and plasma-assisted catalysis based on data collected from literature in this field, organised an open access online database. tool is to all users carry out their own analyses, but also contributors who wish add database order improve relevance comparisons made, ultimately efficiency plasma-catalysis. The creation user interface motivated fact that plasma-catalysis a fast-growing field for processes, be it...
A highly sensitive imaging Thomson scattering system was developed for low temperature (0.1–10eV) plasma applications at the Pilot-PSI linear generator. The essential parts of diagnostic are a neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser operating second harmonic (532nm), beam line with unique stray light suppression and detection branch consisting Littrow spectrometer equipped an efficient detector based on “Generation III” image intensifier combined intensified charged coupled device...
The W-transport in the core plasma of JET is investigated experimentally by deriving W-concentration profiles from modelling signals soft x-ray cameras. For case pure neutral beam heating W accumulates (r/a < 0.3) approaching W-concentrations 10−3 between sawtooth crashes, which flatten W-profile to a concentration about 3 × 10−5. When central Ion cyclotron resonant additionally applied decays phases that exhibit changed mode activity, while also electron temperature increases and density...
The production of NO x from air and + O 2 is investigated in a pulsed powered milli‐scale gliding arc (GA) reactor, aiming at containerized process for fertilizer production. Influence feed mixture, flow rate, temperature, Ar content are varying specific energy input. findings correlated with high‐speed imaging the GA dynamics. An 40–48% was optimum, an enhancement 11% Addition preheating resulted lower Lower rates produced higher concentrations due to longer residence time GA. volume...
Significant growth of the share (intermittent) renewable power in chemical industry is imperative to meet increasingly stricter limits on CO2 exhaust that are being implemented within Europe. This paper aims evaluate potential a plasma process converts input into pure stream CO aid energy penetration this sector. A realistic design constructed serve as basis for an economical analysis. The manufacturing cost price estimated at 1.2 kUS$ ton–1 CO. sensitivity analysis shows separation dominant...
In the recent JET experimental campaigns with new ITER-like wall (JET-ILW), major progress has been achieved in characterization and operation of H-mode regime metallic environments: (i) plasma breakdown at first attempt X-point L-mode recovered a few days operation; (ii) stationary stable type-I ELMy H-modes βN ∼ 1.4 have low high triangularity shape plasmas are showing that their operational domain H = 1 is significantly reduced JET-ILW mainly because need to inject large amount gas (above...
This paper reports the progress made at JET-ILW on integrating requirements of reference ITER baseline scenario with normalized confinement factor 1, a pressure 1.8 together partially detached divertor whilst maintaining these conditions over many energy times. The 2.5 MA high triangularity ELMy H-modes are studied two different configurations D-gas injection and nitrogen seeding. power load reduction N seeding is reported. relationship between an increase in pedestal investigated....
Abstract Tungsten erosion in H-mode plasmas is quantified the outer divertor of JET ITER-Like Wall environment with optical emission spectroscopy on 400.9 nm atomic neutral tungsten line. A novel cross-calibration procedure developed to link slow, high spectral resolution and fast photomultiplier tube measurements order obtain ELM-resolved photon fluxes. Inter-ELM W exclusively impurity sputtering by beryllium because sputter threshold for deuterons. Low concentrations resulted low inter-ELM...
The input power of a CO2 microwave plasma is modulated at kHz rate in scans duty cycle constant average to investigate gas heating dynamics and its relation dissociation efficiency. Rotational temperature profiles obtained from rotational Raman scattering reveal peak temperatures up 3000 , while the edge remains cold (500 ). During 'OFF'-period, cools down convectively, but overall too hot allow for strong overpopulation vibrational modes (2200 core). Fast optical imaging monitors volume...
Summary A fluorescence image calibration method is presented based on the use of standardized uniformly fluorescing reference layers. It demonstrated to be effective for correction non‐uniform imaging characteristics across (shading correction) as well relating intensities between images taken with different microscopes or conditions. The variation illumination intensity over can determined basis uniform bleaching This permits latter and makes bleach‐rate‐related practical. significant...
To consolidate International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) design choices and prepare for its operation, Joint European Torus (JET) has implemented ITER's plasma facing materials, namely, Be the main wall W in divertor. In addition, protection systems, diagnostics, vertical stability control were upgraded heating capability of neutral beams was increased to over 30 MW. First results confirm expected benefits limitations all metal components (PFCs) but also yield understanding...
We present an innovative approach for reacting carbon dioxide and water to give syngas by combining heterogeneous catalysis non-thermal plasma techniques. This utilizes abundant nickel catalyst, mitigates the thermodynamic penalty using a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactor. Argon dilution was used in experiment reduce exothermic recombination of hydrogen oxygen, which is considered as major hurdle H2O conversion. As result, ratio dramatically improved from 0.07 0.86. In addition,...
Plasma is gaining increasing interest for N2 fixation, being a flexible, electricity-driven alternative the current conventional fossil fuel-based fixation processes. As vibrational-induced dissociation of found to be an energy-efficient pathway acquire atomic N processes, plasmas that are in vibrational nonequilibrium seem promising this application. However, important challenge using lies preventing vibrational–translational (VT) relaxation which energy crucial lost gas heating. We present...
Abstract The importance of ammonia in the fertilizer industry has been widely acknowledged over past decades. In view upcoming increase world population and, turn, food demand, its production rate is likely to exponentially. However, considering high dependence on natural resources and intensive emission profile contemporary synthesis route, as well rigid environmental laws being enforced at a global level, need develop sustainable alternative route becomes quite imperative. A novel approach...